Objective To research and design a kind of high accuracy laser power density meter to measure laser power density in clinical medicine,in order to combine laser with clinical medicine well.Methods The pyroelectric detector was used to convert the laser signal to available electrical signal,preamplifier filter circuit and control circuit were designed to match the detector,and C was used for software programming.With the combination of hardware and software design,a high precision laser power density meter was developed,which was based on AVR microcontroller.Results The instrument could measure the minimum 1 mW/cm2 of laser power density accurately and the error rate was 2％,which met the requirements of the laser power density meter parameters in medical application.Conclusion The power density meter has a high precision,small error rate and good stability,and it can measure the laser power density accurately.

Objective To design a new method of determining optical properties of biological tissue by measuring light intensity distribution.Methods The light distribution in Intralipid-10％ suspension at 650 nm was measured by optical fiber probe.The optical parameters were derived from nonlinear regression of the diffusion equation for intensity.The distribution and anisotropy of intensity was abtained by the determined optical parameters and the diffusion equation for intensity.ResultsThis new method was feasible by comparing the experimental data with published results.ConclusionThe experiment results would provide useful information for radiative transfer equation,marine optical remote sensing measurement and laser therapeutic applications.-

Aim To make a research of rats with focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury on pathological changes in brain and the changes of AQP4 and related proteins, in order to explore the relationship between AQP4 and brain edema. Methods Adult male SD rats, weighting 250~300 g, were randomly divided in-to Sham group and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion ( I/R) injury model group. The I/R model group was di-vided into the I/R-6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h-four time point groups. The animal model of the right MCA is-chemia/reperfusion was established by suture method in mature SD rats. The nerve symptom score was con-ducted in the corresponding time points. Then, the permeability of brain tissue was detected by EB stai-ning;TTC staining was conducted to observe the cere-bral infarction volume;the dry wet weight method was used to detect the changes of brain water content; im-munohistochemical( IHC) , WB and RT-PCR were ap-plied to detect the expression of AQP4 , and the related factors at different time points of the model rats after is-chemia-reperfusion around infarcts. Results Com-pared with the Sham group, then ever function score of the rats in I/R model groups were much higher. With the increase of the reperfusion time, the cerebral in-farction volume, brain tissue permeability and the brain water content were also increased. IHC results showed that AQP4 expression gradually rose with widen distribution. WB and RT-PCR results verified the in-creasing level of AQP4 expression. The detection of the related proteins expression showed apparent changes. The expression of MMP-9 was increased, while the Oc-cludin and JAM-1 expression showed a decreasing trend. The I/R-48 h model group showed the most ob-vious differences in the expression of the related pro-teins and mRNA ( P <0. 01 vs Sham, respectively ) . Conclusion Accompanied with the aggravating cere-bral injury after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, the ex-pression of AQP4 and MMP-9 level were activated, while the degradation of TJPs, Occludin and JAM-1, was increased. These factors are combined to make the formation of brain edema. This study makes a further research on the formation mechanism of the early stage for cerebral edema on I/R model and offers a potential for intervention in the filed of looking for a reliable drug therapy on cerebral edema.

PURPOSE: Asthma affects approximately 30 million patients in China; however, tiotropium data for Chinese patients is limited. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of tiotropium in Chinese patients with moderate symptomatic asthma. METHODS: A post hoc subgroup analysis was conducted on 430 Chinese patients pooled from two 24-week, replicate phase 3 trials (NCT01172808 and NCT01172821), in which they received once-daily tiotropium 2.5 µg (Tio R2.5) or 5 µg (Tio R5) (n = 106 or 109, respectively), twice-daily salmeterol 50 µg (Sal 50) (n = 110), or placebo (n = 105), while maintaining inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). The co-primary endpoints assessed in week 24 were forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) peak0–3h response, trough FEV1 response, and responder rate as assessed using the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ). RESULTS: For both FEV1 peak0–3h responses and trough FEV1 responses, the mean treatment differences were greater for Tio R2.5, Tio R5, and Sal 50 compared with placebo at 0.249 L, 0.234 L, and 0.284 L, and 0.172 L, 0.180 L, and 0.164 L, respectively (P< 0.001). The ACQ responder rate in placebo, Tio R2.5, Tio R5, and Sal 50 was 58.7%, 62.3%, 59.3%, and 69.1%, respectively. Furthermore, 11 (2.6%) of 430 patients had serious adverse events (Tio R5, n = 4; Tio R2.5, n = 1; Sal 50, n = 1; and placebo, n = 5). CONCLUSIONS: Once-daily tiotropium, as add-on to medium-dose ICS, was effective and well tolerated for Chinese patients with moderate symptomatic asthma, consistent with the main analysis.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Asthma ; China ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Salmeterol Xinafoate ; Tiotropium Bromide

Objective:To investigate the clinical practice of Chinese respiratory therapists (RTs) participating in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and summarize the experience and role of RTs in the treatment of pandemic infectious diseases.Methods:A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the RTs who treated COVID-19 patients in 31 provinces, cities and autonomous regions in China. The survey questionnaire included the basic work of RTs, the specific work of the treatment for COVID-19 patients and problems encountered at work.Results:A total of 126 questionnaires were issued and 40 valid questionnaires were collected from RTs who treated COVID-19 patients at 22 COVID-19 designated hospitals in 8 provinces and municipalities. This included 7 hospitals in Wuhan, the epicenter of the epidemic. In their medical team, RTs accounted for 2.9% (1.5%, 6.7%) of medical staff, the working experience of the RTs was about (6.2±5.4) years, the ratio of RTs to beds was about 1∶11 (1∶5, 1∶26), and 85.0% (34/40) of RTs were transferred from other hospitals. 97.5% (39/40) of RTs were involved in formulating individual respiratory care strategies in their medical teams, and they were all involved in the evaluation of respiratory care and decision-making as well as the early identification of deterioration of respiratory function. All RTs [100% (40/40)] indicated that they would actively monitor patients' respiratory status, increase the means and frequency of the monitoring, implement standardized oxygen therapy, prevent ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI), and standardize the management of artificial airway. However, less than 50% of RTs had carried out stress and strain, transpulmonary pressure, partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO 2), end-expiratory lung volume, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and other respiratory function monitoring. 85% of RTs conducted training and education related to respiratory care and formulated relevant standard operating procedures for their medical teams. More than 90% of RTs led the implementation of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC), pulmonary protective mechanical ventilation, prone ventilation, pulmonary rehabilitation, airway management, transfer of critical patients, and other respiratory treatment. Conclusions:RTs performed their professional role fully in the assessment, decision-making, and clinical practice in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. However, the manpower shortage of RTs is extremely prominent, the practical experience has provided the basis for the future treatment of infectious respiratory diseases and effectively promoted the development of respiratory care in China.

In recent years, the continuous updating of medical means and the rapid development of assisted reproductive technology provide an effective way for cancer patients to preserve and restore fertility, but it still face many challenges in the specific application process. In view of the status quo of fertility preservation of cancer patients at home and abroad, factors affecting fertility of cancer patients such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery, and common fertility preservation methods of cancer patients such as embryos, oocytes, sperm cryopreservation, ovarian transplantation and other technologies, this paper considered related ethical issues from the following aspects: following the informed consent of cancer patients, executing the relevant laws and regulations on fertility preservation of cancer patients, and implementing the whole process supervision of the ethics committee, so as to provide ideas for the follow-up research on fertility preservation of cancer patients.

Humans ; Asthma/drug therapy* ; Biological Therapy