Objective To investigate the college students′understanding of antimicrobial agents knowledge in two colleges of Huainan and provide a scientific basis to further conduct the health education of rational use of anti -microbial drugs among college students .Methods The antimicrobial perception of 2 college students with 10 differ-ent majors were investigated by cluster-sampled with the questionnaires designed by the authors .Results The correct answer rate of antimicrobial agents knowledge was 61.7%in overall college students ,72.3%in pharmaceutical pro-fessional class students,53.4%in non-medical specialty,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). In lower grade students,the rate was 57.2%and 68.1%in high school students.Also the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).The rate of students who use antimicrobial drugs without guidance reached 84.1%,the rate in pharmaceutical professional class students (88.6%) was higher than that in non-medical professional class students (80.6%) (P<0.01).Conclusion College students are not sufficiently aware of using antibiotics reasonably and adverse reaction .Consequently ,related publicity and education should be strengthened in various forms to improve lev-el of using antibiotics reasonably among college students .

Plasticity in the glutamatergic synapses on striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) is not only essential for behavioral adaptation but also extremely vulnerable to drugs of abuse. Modulation on these synapses by even a single exposure to an addictive drug may interfere with the plasticity required by behavioral learning and thus produce impairment. In the present work, we found that the negative reinforcement learning, escaping mild foot-shocks by correct nose-poking, was impaired by a single in vivo exposure to 20 mg/kg cocaine 24 h before the learning in mice. Either a single exposure to cocaine or reinforcement learning potentiates the glutamatergic synapses on MSNs expressing the striatal dopamine 1 (D1) receptor (D1-MSNs). However, 24 h after the cocaine exposure, the potentiation required for reinforcement learning was disrupted. Specific manipulation of the activity of striatal D1-MSNs in D1-cre mice demonstrated that activation of these MSNs impaired reinforcement learning in normal D1-cre mice, but inhibition of these neurons reversed the reinforcement learning impairment induced by cocaine. The results suggest that cocaine potentiates the activity of direct pathway neurons in the dorsomedial striatum and this potentiation might disrupt the potentiation produced during and required for reinforcement learning.