Objective:To study the chemical constituents in the root of Petasites tricholobus Franch.and evaluate their anti-inflammatory activity.Methods: The primary extraction was done with 95% ethanol and subsequently with other agents including ethyl acetate.The compounds extracted with ethyl acetate were isolated by silica gel column chromatography and purified by means of recrystallization.The structures of the compounds were elucidated by employing chemical and spectral methods.The anti-inflammatory activities of the compounds were evaluated through their inhibitory effect on the trachea contraction of guinea pig induced by histamine in vitro.Results: Six compounds were isolated from the root of Petasites tricholobus Franch.,namely,homofukinolide(1),bakkenolide-B(2),stigmasterol(3),and ?-sitosterol(4),bakkenolide-D(5),and ?-sitosterol-3-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(6).Bakkenolide-B and bakkenolide-D demonstrated inhibitory effect on the trachea contraction induced by histamine in vitro.Conclusion: Homofukinolide,?-sitosterol,and ?-sitosterol3-O-?-D-glucopyranoside are isolated for the first time from Petasites tricholobus Franch..Bakkenolide-B and-D have obvious anti-histamine activities.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common serious complications in critically ill patients, and it is an independent risk factor for death. In recent years, renal replacement therapy (RRT) has become one of the routine treatments for AKI patients, however there is no accepted consensus on the optimal timing of RRT over the world. This paper reviewed the clinical studies carried out by researchers in the field of critical care and nephrology, thereby summarized and analyzed the related parameters of the optimal time to carry out, with the exception of previously acknowledged classic RRT indications such as hyperkalemia, severe metabolic acidosis, volume overload and so on. The feasible parameters such as serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urine volume, the time admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) and several standards distinguished AKI stages are discussed in order to find out the cutoff points of those parameters which were best for the patients' outcome, and to provide guidance of decision making for the optimal timing of RRT for AKI patients.

Objective To construct for the heredity linkage map and to study the functional gene research of Carthamus tinctorius,the factors affecting cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism(cDNA-AFLP) of C.tinctorius were investigated with developing and optimizing the cDNA-AFLP reaction system.Methods Improved Trizol method was used to extract RNA from compounds in new petals specific to safflower.With the help of M-MLV RTase without RNase activity combined with replacement synthesis method,double-stranded cDNA was synthesized from total RNA;cDNA was digested by restriction enzyme MseI/EcoRI and ligated by two steps.Then the products were provided for pre-amplification and selected amplification of different concentration gradients.After tiny modifications of system concentration,finally PAGE electrophoresis and silver-staining were performed.Results High purity and integrated total RNA for later cDNA synthesis were obtained and high quality cDNA was synthesized with the help of M-MLV RTase without RNase activity combined with replacement synthesis method.The cDNA-AFLP reaction system in C.tinctorius was as follows: 250 ng integrity cDNA was digested thoroughly at 37 ℃ for 6 h,and ligated 12 h at 16 ℃.Furthermore,the sample dilution multiplication was 10 fold for pre-amplification and 150 fold for selected amplification under the proper system concentration.According to the above reaction system,the polymorphous strips with high resolution power in PAGE electrophoresis were clear and stable.Conclusion The cDNA-AFLP reaction system established and optimized in this experiment is suitable for the functional gene analysis of C.tinctorius.

Objective:To study the chemical constituents of the methylene chloride of Rubus chingii Hu..Methods:Chromatography on silica gel column,Sephadex LH-20 column,and recrystallization technique were used to isolate and purify the compounds.Spectroscopy methods including EI-MS,ES-MS,1H-NMR,13CNMR,HMQC,and HMBC were used to elucidate the structures of compounds.Results:Ten compounds were obtained and 9 compounds were identified as:hexacosanol(Ⅰ),?-sitosterol(Ⅱ),4-hydro-3-methlbenzal acid(Ⅲ),4-hydrobenzal dehyde(Ⅳ),oleanolic acid(Ⅴ),stigmast-5-en-3-ol,oleate(Ⅵ),1H-2-indenone,2,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3-(1-methylethyl)-7a-methyl(Ⅷ),4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acide(Ⅸ),and liballinol(Ⅹ).Conclusion:Compounds Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅵ,Ⅷ,and Ⅹhave been obtained from Rubus chingii for the first time.

The safflower floret is a traditional Chinese medicine used to promote blood circulation and remove obstruction in the channels. The spines on its bracts are considered a handicap when manual harvest is involved. In this study, cDNA-SRAP was used to systematically investigate which genes are associated with the spines. Sixty pairs of possible primer combinations were used on two cDNA pools representing spininess and spinelessness. Six transcript-derived fragments were identified, of which two with low recombination were sequenced successfully and named as GPY-1 and GPY-2. By using the RACE method, the full-length cDNA of GPY-2 is cloned and named as CTL-spn. The full-length cDNA of CTL-spn was 1 679 bp long with a 1 524 bp ORF encoding a 508 aminoacid protein. The deduced amino acid sequence of the CTL-spn gene shared a high homology (97%) with other known ATP synthase CF1 alpha subunits. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the mRNA of GPY-1 and GPY-2 accumulated in only spiny lines. Considering the important role of ATP synthase CF1 alpha subunit in plants, it may directly take part in the formation process of spininess and enhancing resistance reaction of spiny safflower. Also, our results provide the important insights for breeding spineless cultivars of safflower.

Objective:To analyze the chemical constituents of the ether extracts from the fruits of 3 species of Chaenomeles . Methods: The chemical constituents were analyzed by GC MS. Results: Sixty one constituents were firstly isolated and identified from the fruits of 3 species of Chaenomeles . Forty compounds in Chaenomeles lagenaria , thirty four compounds in Xuan mugua ( C.lagenaria from Xuanzhou) and 23 compounds in C.sinensis were isolated and identified respectively. There were 10 compounds in all 3 species of Chaenomeles , but their contents were very much different. They were acetic acid, benzaldehyde, n caproic acid, 14 methyl pentadecanoic methyl ester, glycerin, benzoic acid, 6,9 octadecadienoic methyl ester, squalane, stearic acid and oleic eicosyl ester. Conclusion: The composition and content vary with different species and district of Chaenomeles . The result may be useful for the evaluation of Chaenomeles fruits quality. [

Aim To investigate the intraspecific variation of Carthamus tinctorius L. (safflower) and establish foundation for further breeding of safflower germplasm resource and screening the quality correlation genes. Methods Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was carried out to analyze genetic variation of 28 safflower populations collected in China. Unweighed pair-group method of with arithmetical averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis was used to construct a dendrogram and to estimate the genetic distances among the populations. Results All populations could be uniquely distinguished using 12 selected primer combinations. Similarity coefficients ranged from 0. 48 to 0. 96 among the populations.Dendrogram revealed distinct segregation of all the cultivars into three main groups and one midst group.Conclusion Limited genetic diversity exists within the tested 28 collections at intra specific level and AFLP-based phylogeny was not absolutely consistent with that based on morphological characters may be due to the interaction effect between genotype and environment.

Purpose:To discuss the MRI features and differential diagnosis of hemangioblastomas in the central nervous system.Materials and Methods: The MRI features of 22 patients with hemangioblastomas confirmed histopathologically were analyzed retrospectively.Results: In this group there were 50 lesions in 22 patients.Multiple lesions were revealed in 5 cases.The lesions located in the cerebellar hemisphere and vermis ( n = 40),medulla oblongata and spinal cord ( n.= 9 ),cerebral hemisphere ( n = 1).Among the 50 lesions,12 appeared as a large cyst with mural nodule,36 as a solid mass,2 as a simple cyst.Of large cyst with mural nodule lesions,the content of the cyst was hy-pointense signal on T1WI,and hyperintense signal on T2WI.The mural nodules were slightly hypointense signal or isointense signal on Tl WI,and hyperintense signal on T2WI.The solid masses were isointense signal on Tl WI,slightly hyperintense signal and hyperintense signal on T2WI.On contrast enhanced scans,all mural nodules and solid tumors were showed marked homogeneous enhancement.On PWI the mural nodules and solid tumors were demonstrated marked hyperperfusion.Conclusion:Hemangioblastomas have distinctive manifestation,MRI enhanced scans and PWI play an important role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hemangioblastomas.

Objective To investigate the genetype distribution of mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography(DHPLC).Methods A total of 300 cases nasopharyngeal aspirate were collected from our hospital.The MP genes of standard strains and clinical specimens isolates were amplified by PCR followed by DHPLC and genetype determination.Results A total of 110 cases were positive after 24 hours fermentation from 300 cases with pharyngeal swab.By the specific primers of MP-129,MP-FH standard strain and specimens,2 280 bp and 2 580 bp gene fragments were made out respectively.One hundred and ten strains of clinical isolates were detected by DHPLC.One hundred and seven strains of P1-Ⅰ were 1b subtype,3 were type P1-Ⅱ which were all 2a subtype.Conclusion The genetype of MP infection in children from our hospital is P1-Ⅰ,1b subtype by using DHPLC technology.

BACKGROUND:To design and fabricate a novel three-dimensional thermoresponsive polymer cel scaffold is one of the hot topics in the research of polymer science. OBJECTIVE: To prepare three different kinds of thermoresponsive acelular carriers and to evaluate their performance. METHODS:The copolymer N-isopropylacrylamide temperature acelular scaffold, macroporous copolymer N-isopropylacrylamide temperature acelular scaffold and macroporous copolymer N-isopropylacrylamide crosslinking aldehyde sodium alginate thermoresponsive acelular scaffold were prepared. The specific surface area, thermoresponsive performance, porosity, pore size and biocompatibility of these three groups of scaffolds were determined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The specific surface area of copolymer N-isopropylacrylamide thermoresponsive acelular scaffold, macroporous copolymer N-isopropylacrylamide thermoresponsive acelular scaffold and macroporous copolymer N-isopropylacrylamide crosslinking aldehyde sodium alginate thermoresponsive celular scaffold was respectively 135, 386, 421 m2/g. The lower critical solution temperature was 30, 28.5, 29.5℃. The cel toxicity reaction was respectively grade 2, 2, 1. These indicators showed that the three kinds of scaffolds were provided with a temperature-sensitive characteristics and similar lower critical solution temperature. The biocompatibility of macroporous copolymer N-isopropylacrylamide crosslinking aldehyde sodium alginate thermoresponsive acelular scaffold was significantly better than the other two scaffolds. The porosity and pore size of macroporous copolymer N-isopropylacrylamide thermoresponsive acelular scaffold and macroporous copolymer N-isopropylacrylamide crosslinking aldehyde sodium alginate thermoresponsive acelular scaffold were greater than those of the copolymer N-isopropylacrylamide thermoresponsive acelular scaffold (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that macroporous copolymer N-isopropylacrylamide thermoresponsive acelular scaffold and macroporous copolymer N-isopropylacrylamide crosslinking aldehyde sodium alginate thermoresponsive acelular scaffold have more obvious pore structure.