In the present study,we examined the codon usage bias between pseudorabies virus (PRV) US1 gene and the US1-like genes of 20 reference alphaherpesviruses.Comparative analysis showed noticeable disparities of the synonymous codon usage bias in the 21 alphaherpesviruses,indicated by codon adaptation index,effective number of codons (ENc) and GC3s value.The codon usage pattern of PRV US1 gene was phylogenetically conserved and similar to that of the US1-like genes of the genus Varicellovirus of alphaherpesvirus,with a strong bias towards the codons with C and G at the third codon position.Cluster analysis of codon usage pattern of PRV US1 gene with its reference alphaherpesviruses demonstrated that the codon usage bias of US1-like genes of 21 alphaherpesviruses had a very close relation with their gene functions.ENc-plot revealed that the genetic heterogeneity in PRV US1 gene and the 20 reference alphaherpesviruses was constrained by G+C content,as well as the gene length.In addition,comparison of codon preferences in the US1 gene of PRV with those of E.coli,yeast and human revealed that there were 50 codons showing distinct usage differences between PRV and yeast,49 between PRV and human,but 48 between PRV and E.coli.Although there were slightly fewer differences in codon usages between E.coli and PRV,the difference is unlikely to be statistically significant,and experimental studies are necessary to establish the most suitable expression system for PRV US1.In conclusion,these results may improve our understanding of the evolution,pathogenesis and functional studies of PRV,as well as contributing to the area of herpesvirus research or even studies with other viruses.

Objective To investigate the resistance mechanism of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella oxytoca.Methods Car-bapenem-Resistant Klebsiellaoxytoca were collected from Fujian Medical University Union Hospital.The modified hodge test (MHT)was used for carbapenemase phenotype screening.The minimum inhibit concentration(MIC)was detected using agar dilution method for 1 7 drugs.PCR and DNA sequencing were used to detect commonβ-Lactamase genes and carbapene-mases genes.Conj ugation experiments demonstrated the transferability of the carbapenem-resistant determinants.Results 5 Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella oxytoca of 4 isolates were positive detected by MHT.Minimum inhibit concentration was detected by using agar dilution method for 17 drugs.More than 80% isolates were resistance to nine drugs.2 isolates conju-gated successfully of 5 Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella oxytoca Isolates.There were 2 isolates included carbapenemases gene (1 isolates were only IMP producers,1 isolate contained the IMP and KPC),3 isolates produce ESBLs gene.Conclution The due to CRE strains isolated from Fujian Medical University Union Hospital may be metallo-enzyme carbapenemase and KPC gene.And the isolate that produce two Carbapenem-Resistant gene had been found in this hospital.

AIM: To study the cytoskeleton of mesench ymal stem cells (MSCs), the ultrastructure and function relationship by using atomic force microscope (AFM). METHODS: The ultrastructures and morphological feature of MSCs c ultured for 1 d and 5 d were studied by AFM. RESULTS: The special structures that possess peculiar morphologi cal characteristic of MSCs such as cytoskeleton, pseudopod, microfilament etc we re identified by AFM, and these special structures are difficult to observe unde r electronic microscopy or other conventional optical microscopy. CONCLUSIONS: AFM is a powerful tool to study ultrastructures, mo rphological features, and cytoskeleton of stem cells in near physiological condi t ions. Its application prospect in cellular biology is extensive. The special cyt oskeleton and other structures of MSCs observed above may represent the structur al base of multi-differentiation potential of MSCs.

AIM:To observe the alterations in cognition of growing rats exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) and to explore its underlying mechanisms. METHODS:Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats (3-week-old～4-week-old and 80 g to 100 g),which had been trained to complete the 8-arm (4-arm baited) radial maze,were randomly divided into 4 groups:2-weeek-CIH group (2IH),4-week-CIH group (4IH),-week -control group (2C) and 4-weeek-control group (4C). The intermittent hypoxia model was induced by putting the animals in an intermittent hypoxia cabin. When intermittent hypoxia was terminated,spatial memory of these growing rats was tested by 8-arm (4-arm baited) radial maze task,then,one rat in each group was randomly selected for ultrastructural observation. The hippocampus and prefrontal cortexes of the rats were collected for analyzing the mRNA and protein expression of CREB by RT-PCR and Western blotting,respectively. RESULTS:(1) In the 8-arm (4-arm baited) radial maze task,the results indicated that the rats in the 4 groups displayed significant difference in their performance assessed by three measuremens:the reference memory error,the working memory error and total memory error (P 0. 05,respectively). CONCLUSION:Exposure to experimentally-induced IH in growing rats is associated with time related spatial memory impairment. Chronic intermittent hypoxia leads to the disorders of neuron ultra-structure in memory related brain regions. It also inhabits the CREB transduction,expression and CREB phosphorylation,decreases the synthesis of the memory related protein. These factors maybe contribute to learningmemory impairment of growing rats exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia.

Objective To investigate the incidence of miocardial infarction and risk factors in patients with different levels TG.Methods From June 2006 to October 2007,Kailuan coal mine group conducted an on-the-job and retired workers were took physical examination in Kailuan area,and their results were used in our study(n=100 271).According to different levels of TG,all cases were divided into five groups(TG1-5):TG1 group(0.0125 kg/m2,FBG≥6.1 mmol/L,HDL-C<1.5 mmol/L were all the risk factors for myocardial infarction (P<0.05).Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that after adjustment for sex,age and other factors,with the increase in TG levels.Conclusion In study of Kailuan crowd,the increased fasting triglycerides increase the risk of myocardial infarction,and the risk factors for myocardial infarction are age,BMI,FBG and HDL-C.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the promoter polymorphism of IL6 (-174G > C, -572G > C and -597G > A) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). METHOD: The case-control study consisted of 123 patients with CRS and 239 controls from a Chinese Han population from Shanghai. The genotypes of the subjects were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and gene sequencing. Besides, the concentrations of the totle immunoglobulin E (TIgE) and eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) in the blood were also determined. RESULT: The -174G > C and -597G > A polymorphisms were not detected in this study population. Significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies of -572C/G were observed between CRS patients and control groups. In CRS patients, the CC, CG, GG genotype frequencies were 69.1%, 29.3%, 1.6%, C, G allele frequencies were 83.7%, 16.3%. In control group, the genotype frequencies were 55.2%, 42.3%, 2.5%, the allele frequencies were 76.4%, 23.6%, respectively. The -572CC genotype was associated with an increased risk of developing CRS (P < 0.05, OR = 1.932, 95% CI, 1.205-3.097). There was no significant differences in the concentrations of the TIgE and ECP among each genotype. CONCLUSION IL-6 gene -572G > C polymorphism is associated with the susceptibility to CRS. CC genotype could be an independent risk factor.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors ; Sinusitis ; genetics ; Young Adult