The antishock properties of Fu-tze "801" , an active fraction isolated from the root of Aconite,were studied on burned rats. The rats were given 65-70% TB'SA second degree scalds. All animals died in a short time postburn. Using this rat model, it was found that the marked spasmodic rhythmic constriction in arterioles occurred and the microierculatory flow state showed pronounced derangements in the me-senteric microcirculation, and platelet aggregate increased in circulating blood.After treatment with Fu-tze "801" , the survival and the mirocirculation were improved in the scalded rats, these findings suggest that Fu-tze "801" affords the antishock action on rats after a major scald burn.

Objective To evaluate the effects of the right stellate ganglion block on the expression of β3adrenoceptor (β3-AR) in rabbits with heart failure.Methods Forty-eight Japanese white rabbits of both sexes,weighing 2.5-3.0 kg,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =16 each):sham operation group (group S),heart failure group (group HF) and right stellate ganglion block group (group RSGB).Heart failure was induced by occlusion of left anterior descending branch of coronary artery and confirmed by ultrasonic cardiography 4 weeks later.A PE-10 catheter was inserted into the right stellate ganglion for administration of drugs.0.25％ bupivacaine 2 ml was injected through the catheter once a day for 2 weeks in group RSGB,while the equal volume of normal saline was injected instead of bupivacaine in S and HF groups.The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD),left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD),ejection fraction (EF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) were measured at 1 day before ligation (T0),before catheter insertion (T1),before 8th administration (T2),and 1 day after the last administration (T3).Eight rabbits were sacrificed at T1 and T3 in each group and myocardial specimens were obtained from the apex of the left ventricle for determination of the expression of β3-AR by Western blot.Results Compared with group S,the LVEDD and LVESD were significantly enlarged and LVEF and LVFS were decreased at T1-3,and the expression of β3-AR was up-regulated at T1,3 in groups HF and RSGB (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group HF,the LVEDD and LVESD were significantly decreased,LVEF and LVFS were increased,and the expression of β3-AR was significantly down-regulated at T3 in group RSGB (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The right stellate ganglion block can improve the cardiac function of rabbits with heart failure through down-regulating the expression of β3-AR in myocardium.

Objective To evaluate the effect of curcumin on spinal inflammatory factor in rats with diabetic neuropathy. Methods Diabetic neuropathy was induced by intraperitoneal injection with 1% STZ (60 mg/kg) in sprague-dawley rats. These diabetic rats were randomly allocated to diabetic group (D group, n=10) and curcumin group ( C group , n = 10 ) . Another 10 age-matched normal rats served as controlled group ( N group , n = 10 ) . 28 days after STZ injection, the rats in C group received daily intragastric administration of curcumin (200 mg/kg) whereas those in D group received the same volume of normal saline for 2 weeks. Caudal vein blood glucose levels at T1( before STZ injection)and at T2-T8(2、7、14、21、28、35、42 days after STZ injection)from all rats were detected. Responses to the mechanical stimulus were measured with von Frey filament, and paw withdraw threshold (PWT) was recorded at T1 and at T3 to T8. At T8,the rats were killed and lumbar segments of spinal cord were removed to detect TNF-αand IL-6 content. Results Compared to N group, rats in both C and D group showed hyperglycemia at T2 to T8 (P<0.05) and lower PWT at T4~ 8 (P < 0.01). Compared to D group, C group showed higher PWT at T7,8(P<0.05). Both D and C group showed higher levels of blood sugar at T2 ~ 8 than that at T1 (P < 0.05). C group showed higher PWT at T7,8 than that at T6(P<0.05). Compared to N group,spinal TNF-αand IL-6 content increased in both D and C groups (P<0.05). Compared to D group, C group had reduction of TNF-αand IL-6 concentration (P < 0.05). Conclusion Curcumin can attenuate diabetic neuropathic pain on rats probably by reducing inflammatory factor in spinal cord.

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane on inhibition of growth of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells by cisplatin and γ ray.Methods The human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 was seeded in culture plate.After being cultured for 24 h,the cells were randomly divided into 6 groups (n =6each):control group (group C),sevoflurane group (group S),cisplatin group (group D),cisplatin + sevoflurane group (group DS),γ ray group (group R) and γ ray + sevoflurane group (group RS).A549 cells were exposed to 2.5% sevoflurane for 4 h in group S.Cisplatin with the final concentration of 3 mg/L was added to the culture medium and the cells were then incubated for 4 h in group D.Cisplatin with the final concentration of 3 mg/L was added to the culture medium and the cells were then exposed to 2.5 % sevoflurane for 4 h in group DS.A549 cells were exposed to γ irradiation (2 Gy) for 4 h in group R.A549 cells were exposed to γ irradiation (2Gy) and to 2.5% sevoflurane for 4 h in group RS.The cells were cultured for another 24 h after the end of treatment,the colony formation was detected and the rate of colony formation was calculated by colony formation assay.Proliferation of A549 cells was measured by plate colony formation and MTF assay and the rate of proliferation inhibition was calculated.Cell apoptosis was detected with flow cytometer.The expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and caspase-3 was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the rate of colony formation was significantly decreased,the rate of proliferation inhibition and percentage of apoptotic cells were increased,XIAP expression was down-regulated and caspase-3 expression was up-regulated in groups S,D,DS,R and RS (P ＜ 0.05).The rate of colony formation was significantly lower,the rate of proliferation inhibition and percentage of apoptotic cells were higher,XIAP expression was lower and caspase-3 expression was higher in group DS than in groups S and D,and in group RS than in groups S and R (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Sevoflurane can enhance cisplatin and γ ray-induced inhibition of growth of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells,and downregulation of XIAP expression and up-regulation of caspase-3 expression may be involved in the mechanism.

Objective To evaluate the effect of curcumin preconditioning on the activation of mast cells during intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Twenty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (S group),intestinal I/R group (I/R group),and curcumin preconditioning group (Cur group).Intestinal I/R was produced by occlusion of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 75 min followed by reperfusion.At 5 days before I/ R,curcumin 200 mg/kg (in 20 mg/ml normal saline) was given through a gastric tube in Cur group,while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in S and I/R groups.All the rats were sacrificed at 4 h of reperfusion,and the intestinal specimens were obtained for microscopic examination and for determination of tryptase expression and β-hexosaminidase content.Intestinal damage was assessed and scored according to Chiu.Results Compared with S group,Chiu's score and β-hexosaminidase content were significantly increased,and the expression of tryptase was up-regulated in I/R and Cur groups.Compared with I/R group,Chiu' s score and β-hexosaminidase content were significantly decreased,and the expression of tryptase was down-regulated in Cur group.Conclusion The mechanism by which curcumin preconditioning attenuates intestinal I/R injury is related to inhibited activation of mast cells of rats.

Objective To evaluate the effects of sufentanil and morphine on cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in rats.Methods Thirty-two healthy Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 220-280 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table: control group (group C);cisplatin group (group Cis);sufentanil group (group S);morphine group (group M).Cisplatin 16 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally in group Cis.In group S, cisplatin 16 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally, followed by injection of sufentanil 2 μg/kg over 5 min via the caudal vein for 3 consecutive days.In group M, cisplatin 16 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally, followed by injection of morphine 2 μg/kg over 5 min via the caudal vein for 3 consecutive days.The equal volume of normal saline was given in group C.After the end of administration on 3rd day, blood samples were collected from the orbital venous plexus for measurement of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) concentrations.The animals were then sacrificed, and the left kidney specimens were obtained for examination of the pathological changes (under the light microscope) and for determination of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) , interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) , and expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) , suvivin and caspase-3 (by Western blot).Periodic acid-Schiff's staining was used to evaluate the pathological changes of the renal tubule.Results Compared with group C, the serum BUN, Cr concentrations and renal tubule injury score were significantly increased, the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were increased, the expression of XIAP and suvivin was down-regulated, and the expression of caspase-3 was up-regulated in Cis,S and M groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group Cis, the serum BUN and Cr concentrations and renal tubule injury score were significantly decreased, the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were decreased, the expression of XIAP and suvivin was up-regulated, and the expression of caspase-3 was down-regulated in S and M groups (P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the indexes mentioned above between group S and group M (P＞0.05).Conclusion Both sufentanil and morphine can reduce cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in rats with similar efficacy, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the inflammatory responses and cell apoptosis.

Objective To evaluate the effects of sevoflurane on invasion and migration of mouse lung cancer cells induced by hypoxia.Methods Mouse Lewis lung cancer cells were inoculated in the culture plate.After being cultured for 24 h,the cells were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=18 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),hypoxia group (group H) and hypoxia+ 2％ sevoflurane group (group HS).Cells were exposed to 95％ air-5％CO2 (2 L/min) for 4 h in group C.Cells were exposed to 94％ N2-5％CO2-1％ O2 for 4 h in group H.In group HS,cells were exposed to 2％ sevoflurane and 94％ N2 (2 L/min) for 4 h.The invasion of cells was determined by Transwell assay,and the invaded cells were counted.The migration of cells was evaluated by wound healing assay,and cell migration rates were calculated.The expression of Beclin 1 and LC3 Ⅱ protein in cells was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the number of invaded cells and cell migration rates were significantly increased,and the expression of Beclin Ⅰ and LC3 Ⅱ was up-regulated in H and HS groups.Compared with group H,the number of invaded cells and cell migration rates were significantly decreased,and the expression of Beclin 1 and LC3 Ⅱ was down-regulated in group HS.Conclusion Sevoflurane can inhibit the invasion and migration of mouse lung cancer cells induced by hypoxia,and inhibition of autophagy is involved in the mechanism.

Objective To study the diarrhea causes and nursing care after kidney transplantation from donation after cardiac death(DCD).Methods The clinical data of 91 patients undergoing kidney transplantations from DCD were retrospectively analyzed from November 2011 to May 2013 in our department,to investigate the incidence of diarrhea and the causes.Results Eighty three cases contracted diarrhea in 91 recipients,with the incidence of diarrhea 91.2%.The use of immunosuppressive agents,intestinal flora,infection and bowel movement dysfunction were all related to the diarrhea.Conclusions The incidence of diarrhea is high and the causes are complex after kidney transplantation from DCD.So nurses should take the appropriate care measures to improve the quality of nursing,avoiding complications and ensuring transplant results based on a different cause of diarrhea.

Objective To explore the depression status of the liver transplant recipients after the surgery and the impact factors.Method Forty two liver transplant recipients were assessed at 5 different time points(1 month,6 months,12 months, 24 months,36 months after the transplantation)using general information questionnaire(GIQ),social support rating scale(SSRS) and self-rating depression scale(SDS).Results After the transplantation,the longer recipients lived,the less depression they underwent.Age and post-operative objective support are the two major factors on depression status of the liver transplant recipients Conclusion The clinical and community nurses may pay attention to the mind state of the recipients after liver transplantation,and provide mental nursing in time and social support to prevent and improve the state of their depression.

Objective To evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the spinal cord in the maintenance of diabetic neuropathic pain in rats.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 2 months,weighing 180-200 g,were used in the study.Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) 60 mg/kg and confirmed by blood glucose ＞ 16.7 mmol/L on day 2 after STZ injection.Twenty diabetic rats were randomly allocated into diabetes mellitus group (DM group,n =10) and L-NAME (non-selective NOS inhibitor) group (LN group,n =10).Another 10 age-matched normal rats served as control group (C group).On 21 days after STZ injection,L-NAME 10 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally once a day for 7 consecutive days in LN group,whereas the equal volume of normal saline 5 ml/kg was given instead of L-NAME in DM group.Paw withdrawal threshold to yon Frey filament stimulation (PWT) was measured before STZ infection and on 7,14,21 and28 days after STZ injection.The rats were sacrificed after the last measurement of PWT and the lumbar segments of spinal cord were removed for determination of NO content and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression (by Western blot analysis) in spinal cord tissues.Results Compared with C group,PWT was significantly decreased on 14,21 and 28 days after STZ injection,and the NO content and nNOS expression in spinal cord tissues were increased in DM and LN groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with DM group,PWT was significantly increased on 28 days after STZ injection,and the NO content and nNOS expression in spinal cord tissues were decreased in LN group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion NO in the spinal cord is involved in the maintenance of diabetic neuropathic pain in rats and the mechanism is related to the enhanced function of nNOS.