ObjectiveTo explore the potential hazards and preventive measures in patients with dysphagia after brain stem infarction.Methods Seventy-eight patients with dysphagia after brain stem infarction were divided into indwelling gastric canal group(57 cases) and none-indwelling gastric canal group(21 cases).The pulmonary infection,respiratory tract obstruction,alimentary tract hemorrhage and deglutition function recovery were compared between the two groups.Results The rate of pulmonaryinfection in indwelling gastric canal group was significantly lower than that in none-indwelling gastric canal group [26.3％ (15/57) vs.81.0％ (17/21),P ＜ 0.01 ].The weight in indwelling gastric canal group was significantly higher than that in none-indwelling gastric canal group [ (65.3 ± 13.5 ) kg vs.(56.2 ± 13.2) kg,P ＜ 0.05 ].Two patients in none-indwelling gastric canal group occurred respiratory tract obstruction.There was no significant difference in deglutition function recovery and alimentary tract hemorrhage (P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionPulmonary infection,respiratory tract obstruction,gastrointestinal dysfunction and malnutrition are the potential hazards of dysphagia after brain stem infarction,and indwelling gastric canal,strengthening expectoration and promoting functional recovery are effective preventive measures.

Gastric precancerous lesion refers to epithelial dysplasia(atypical hyperplasia or intraepithelial neoplasias),which is associated with increased risk of gastric cancer.It happens to be controlled by multiple factors and/or polygene such as the H.pylori infection,diet and environment which play an important role in the development of gastric precancerous lesions.This article describes the pathogenesis of gastric precancerous lesions as many scholars have studied some of it.

Objective To study the effects of matrine in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on inhibiting transplanted gastric cancer (cell line SGC-7901) in the nude mice and their myelotoxicity effects. Methods The two dosages of matrine (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) combined respectively with 50 mg/kg of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were injected intra-abdominally, and 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg matrine or 5-FU injection alone groups served as controls. The relative tumor volume (RTV) and tumor inhibition rate (IR) were calculated. The nude mice bone marrow was taken, the number of the nucleated cells were calculated, and bone marrow colony was cultured. Results The tumor-inhibiting effect in the combined group of 100 mg/kg of matrine +50 mg/kg of 5-FU was significantly increased as compared with those in all the control group ( P

Objective To investigate the apoptosis in gastric cancer induced by trichosanthin, and the relationship between this apoptosis and expression of bcl2. Methods In in vitro experiments, morphologic test and TUNEL staining method were used to quantitatively and qualitively detect the apoptosis status of gastric adenocarcinoma cell line SGC7901 before and after the trichosanthin treatment. Immunohistochemical staining method and Northern Blot hybridization were used for detecting expression status of apoptosisrelated genes bcl2, before and after trichosanthin treatment. Results When SGC7901 cells were treated with trichosanthin (0.1 ?g/ml, 36 h), they presented some typical apoptotic morphologic changes observed by fluorescent staining. These morphologic changes include nuclear condensation, nucleosomal fragments forming a lunate body under nuclear membrane, etc. When SGC7901 cells were treated with trichosanthin at the concentration 0.1 ?g/ml for 36 h,42 h and 48 h, respectively, TUNEL staining showed a significant increase of apoptotic index (AI), from 3.78%?1.11%, 3.98%?1.12%,3.85%?1.08%, respectively, to 11.30% ? 2.33%, 10.22% ?2.00%,11.18%?1.85%(P

Objective Oral lichen planus ( OLP) is a common complaint in the oral mucosa , for which there is no definite therapy hitherto.This article aimed to investigate the possible effect of Huashi Xingyu Qingre Decoction (HXQD) on OLP. Methods This study included 30 randomly selected cases of OLP treated with HXQD .Fasting venous blood and total serum protein were obtained before and after medication for screening and identification of OLP-related differential proteins by two-dimensional fluorescence differ-ence gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), followed by Western blot validation . Results Haptoglobin , antithrombin Ⅲ, C1 complement , and vitamin D binding protein were differentially expressed in the serum of the OLP patients before and after treated with HXQD .Compared with the baseline , the expression of haptoglobin was significantly in-creased (103.086 ±27.536 vs 159.704 ±24.228, P<0.05) while that of antithrombin Ⅲ remarkably decreased after treatment (150.00 ±54.04 vs 98.00 ±28.04, P<0.05). Conclusion Haptoglobin, antithrombin Ⅲ, C1 complement, and vitamin D binding protein are differentially expressed in the serum of OLP patients before and after HXQD medication , which may be associated with the development and progression of OLP .

Objective To analyze the effect of Huashi Xingyu Qingre decoction therapy through identification of the differentially expressed saliva proteins of oral lichen planus. Method The saliva of OLP patients before and after treatment were collected. Total saliva proteins were extracted. The differentially expressed saliva proteins were screened by two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis and identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by Western-blot. Results Six differentially expressed proteins were identified as salivary amylase, serum albumin, IgM, carbonic anhydrase VI, zinc-α2- glycoprote and sIgA. The expression level of serum albumin, IgM, carbonic anhydrase VI and zinc-α2-glycoprotein after treatment were lower than that before. However, the expression level of sIgA was higher. The differences were statistically significant. Conclusions Some differentially expressed saliva proteins of OLP before and after Huashi Xingyu Qingre decoction therapy are characterized, and they may play a vital part in the occurrence and development of OLP.

Objective To observe the effect of remifentanil combined with propofol to induce and sustain controlled hypotension in children during endoscopic sinus surgery(ESS). Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ children undergoing adenoidectomy in ESS were divided into control group and controlled hypotension group by random digits table with 20 cases in each group. No controlled hypotension in control group. Anesthesia was induced with propofol,remifentanil and atracurium, and maintained with continuous infusion of propofol 2 min until the target mean arterial pressure (MAP)(55 - 60 mm Hg, 1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) was reached,and MAP was maintained at this level during operation in controlled hypotension group. During 15 min before surgical procedure pharynx nasalis blood flow was measured and recorded with laser Dopper flowmetry continuously. The quality of the surgical field in term of blood loss and dryness was established at 15 min after operation starting. Results Controlled hypotension was induced within (2.5 ± 0.3 ) min, the infusion rate ofMAP and heart rate at 15 min after controlled hypotension and 15 min after operation starting were significantly lower than those at controlled hypotension instantly in controlled hypotension group and control group (P ＜ 0.05 ). The pharynx nasalis blood flow decreased at 15 min after controlled hypotension from baseline [(68.3 ± 8.3 )% vs. (99.8 ± 7.9 )%] (P ＜ 0.05 ). The operation time and the quality of the surgical field in term of blood loss and dryness in controlled hypotension group were better than those in control group [(21 ± 4) min vs. (32 ± 6) min and ( 1.8 ± 0.1 ) scores vs. (3.5 ± 0.5) scores] (P ＜ 0.05 ). The awakeextubate time was within 10 min in two groups, and there were no anesthesia related complications.Conclusion Remifentanil combined with propefol can induce and sustain controlled hypotension,reduce pharynx nasal is blood flow and provide good surgical conditions in children for ESS.

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of polypeptide extracts of Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker ( ESW) against oxidative aging.Methods Mice were intraperitoneally injected D-galac-tose for consecutive 20 days to establish an aging mouse model.The model mice were administered with different doses of ESW polypeptide (0, 40, 80, 160 mg/kg/d).The normal activity, movement and anti-stress ability of the mice were ob-served.The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) in blood and different tissues and the content of glutathione ( GSH) and malondialdehyde ( MDA) of the aging mice were assessed by xanthin oxidase activity measurement and spectrophotometry, respectively.The expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-re-lated factor 2 (Nrf2) in Caco-2 cells was detected by immunofluorescence.Results Comparing the control and polypep-tide groups, there were significant decreases of body weight gain, organ indexes, anti-stress ability and activity capacity, the activity of SOD, CAT, GSH-PX and the content of GSH, and an increase of the content of MDA in blood and different tissues in the aging mice.With the increasing dose of polypeptide extracts of ESW, the body weight gain, organ indexes of the liver, spleen and kidney were significantly increased, the static and dynamic exercise time was prolonged in the poly-peptide group, and their abilities of hypoxia tolerance and heat tolerance were close to that of normal controls.The SOD, CAT, GSH-PX activity and GSH level in blood and different tissues were significantly increased, but MDA content de-creased.The expression of Nrf2 in Caco-2 cell nuclei was significantly increased in the polypeptide group, close to that of the positive control group.Conclusions The results of our study show that polypeptide extracts of ESW improve the anti-stress and antioxidative capacity in D-galactose-induced mouse models of oxidative aging by initiating Nrf2-ARE antioxidant signaling pathway, therefore, delay the oxidative aging in mice.

ObjectiveTo investigate the significance of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) S-100B protein and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in the pathogenesis of brain injury of viral encephalitis.MethodsForty-two patients with viral encephalitis (viral encephalitis group) and 40 patients with other disease at the corresponding time period(control group) were involved in this study.CSF (routine,biochemistry and cytology) was detected,and the levels of S-100B protein and VEGF in CSF were detected by ABC-ELISA method.ResultsWhite blood cell count was (0-584) × 106/L in viral encephalitis group,and (0-200) × 106/L in control group.The levels of protein and glucose in CSF had no significant difference between two groups (P＞ 0.05),and the level of chloride in CSF in viral encephalitis group was significantly lower than that in control group[ ( 110.10 ± 31.22 ) mmol/L vs.( 123.80 ± 6.32 ) mmol/L ] (P =0.006).In viral encephalitis group,cytological examination showed that mixed type cytological reaction was in 6 cases (14.3％,6/42).The level of S-100B protein in viral encephalitis group [25.04-47.97 (28.37 ± 6.09) ng/L] was significantly higher than that in control group[ 25.04-29.64(26.03 ± 0.90) ng/L ] (t =2.462,P =0.018).The level of VEGF in viral encephalitis group[88.84～143.77(96.24 ± 13.38) ng/L] was significantly higher than that in control group [89.15～96.18 (90.67 ± 1.71 ) ng/L] (t =2.673,P =0.011 ).ConclusionsThe high levels of S-100B protein and VEGF in CSF could support the viral encephalitis diagnosis.Tracking the levels of S-100B protein and VEGF in CSF dynamically have noticeable effect on checking the condition of viral encephalitis patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on growth and apoptosis of gastric cancer cell line MKN-45 and SGC-7901 in vitro. Methods MKN-45 and SGC-7901 cells at logarithmic growth phase were obtained, and were cultured with ginsenoside Rg3 of different concentrations (20, 30, 40, 50 μg/mL) for 24, 48 h or 24, 48 and 72 h. Cells cultured without ginsenoside Rg3 were served as controls. The inhibition rates of ginsenoside Rg3 on MKN-45 and SGC-7901 cells were detected by MTT assay, apoptosis rate of SGC-7901 cells was determined by Annexin V/PI double staining flow cytometry, cell cycles of SGC-7901 cells were analysed by flow cytometry, and morphological changes of SGC-7901 cells in 50 μg/mL ginsenoside Rg3 treatment group were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results The inhibition rates on MKN-45 and SGC-7901 cells in each ginsenoside Rg3 treatment group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05), and the inhibition rates increased with the concentrations of ginsenoside Rg3 and time of culture ( P < 0.05). Compared with control group, the apoptosis rates of SGC-7901 cells and percentages of cells in G_1/G_1 cell cycle in each ginsenoside Rg3 treatment group were significantly increased in a concentration and time dependent manner. Typical morphology of SGC-7901 cell apoptosis was observed by transmission electron microscopy in 50 μg/mL ginsenoside Rg3 treatment group. Conclusion Ginsenoside Rg3 has significant inhibition effect on gastric cancer cell lines in vitro with a concentration and time dependent manner, the mechanism of which may involve the induction of gastric cell line apoptosis.