Quality variation and ecotype classification of Chinese herbal medicine are important scientific problems in Daodi herbal medicine research. The diversity of natural environmental conditions has led to form unique multi-Daodi, multi-product areas that produce particular Chinese herbal medicine. China is one of three big American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) producing areas worldwide, with over 300 years of application and 40 years of cultivation history. Long-term production practice has led to the formation of three big advocate produce areas in China: Northeast province, Beijing and Shandong. P. quinquefolium L. grown under certain environmental conditions will develop long-term adaptations that will lead to more stable strains (different ecotypes). P. quinquefolium L., can vary greatly in quality; however, the ecological mechanisms causing this variation are still unclear. Root samples were collected from four-year-old cultivated P. quinquefolium L. plants in the three major genuine (Daodi) American ginseng-producing areas of Northeast province, Beijing and Shandong province, China. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze the contents of eight ginsenosides (Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Rg2). Data for nine ecological factors, including temperature, moisture and sunlight, were obtained from the ecological database of Geographic Information System for Traditional Chinese Medicine. Soil samples from the sampling sites were collected. Effective boron and iron, available nitrogen and potassium, as well as other trace elements and soil nutrients, were determined by conventional soil physicochemical property assay methods. Analytical methods of biostatistics and numerical taxonomy were used to divide ecotypes of the three main Panax quinquefolium L. producing areas in China based on ginsenoside content, climate, soil and other ecological factors. To our knowledge, this is the first time that ecological division of P. quinquefolium L. producing areas in China has ever been conducted. The results show that there are two chemoecotypes of P. quinquefolium L. in China: ginsenoside Rb1-Re from outside Shanhaiguan, and ginsenoside Rg2-Rd from inside Shanhaiguan. Similarly, there are two types of climatic characteristics: inside Shanhaiguan (Beijing, Shandong) and outside Shanhaiguan (Northeast). This suggests that the formation and differentiation of chemoecotypes of P. quinquefolium L. is closely related to variability of the climatic and geographical environment. Additionally, ecological variation of the three main producing areas, characteristics of two climatic ecotypes, and soil characteristics are also discussed and summarized. These results provide experimental scientific evidence of the quality variation and ecological adaptation of P. quinquefolium L. from different producing areas. They also deepen our understanding of the biological nature of Daodi P. quinquefolium L. formation, and offer novel research models for other multi-origin, multi-Daodi Chinese herbal medicines ecotypes. In addition, the results demonstrate the critical need for improving quality, appropriate ecological regionalization and promoting industrialized development of P. quinquefolium L.

Objective To set up real-time quantitative RT-PCR technique and measure leukemia fusion gene transcripts in patients with AML of FAB-M_2 subtype,and also to investigate the positive rate in patients and the relationship between the AMLI/ETO mRNA levels and the response rate after chemical therapy.Methods The plasmid containing the AMLI/ETO fusion gene sequences were constructed from myeloid cell lines Kasumi-1 (expressing AML1/ETO)to establish the standard curves,A TaqMan based realtime quantitative RT-PCR was performed to measure aberrant fusion gene transcripts in 45 samples of peripheral blood(PB) or bone marrow (BM) from 25 newly diagnosed patients with AML-M_2.All these 25 patients were diagnosed by the FCM(flow cytometry)and bone marrow molecular cytogenetics,and received the induce remission therapy with MA (Mitoxantrone+Ara-C).Results As a result,the AML1/ETO fusion gene transcripts were detected in 7(28%)out of 25 AML-M_2 patients (the ratios of AML1/ETO/ABL vary from 0.01 to 19.2),in which 5 patients were found t(8;21)(q22;q22).The transcript level of AML1/ETO fusion gene varied from the clinical situation of patients.These 7 patients with AML1/ETO fusion gene got complete remission(CR) after the first MA therapy,and the fusion gene reduced by 3 log in AML1/ETO/ABL.Only 11 patients got CR in 18 patients without AML1/ETO fusion gene.By following up these 7 patients with AML1/ ETO fusion gene kept persistent CR for 6 months.Conclusion It was concluded that real-time quantitative PCR is a reliable,innovative and promising technology with high sensitivity and speciality.It has potential clinical value for diagnosis,tumor typing,treatment selection,measuring the tumor load,monitoring fusion gene expression level and evaluating therapeutic strategy.It is worthy to apply in the clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the effect of abnormality Y chromosome and sperm quality on the clinical result of insisted reproductive technique (ART). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the effect of ab-normality Y chromosome and sperm quality on embryo quality/result of pregnancy of patients undergoing ART. In-fertile men with normality Y chromosome (n=436) and with abnormality Y chromosome (n =146) from Jan 2010 to Dec 2010 were enrolled in this study. The infertile men were divided into four groups: the normality Y chromo-some plus teratozoospermia group , the normality Y chromosome plus normal sperm quality group , the abnormality Y chromosome plus teratozoospermia group, the abnormality Y chromosome plus normal sperm quality group. Embryo quality and the results of clinic pregnancy outcome were analyzed among the four groups. Results Fertilization rate of the four groups was 73.4%, 69.0%, 70.9% and 68%, respectively (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in thecleavage rate, optimal embryo rate and pregnancy outcome among the four groups. Conclusions Both abnormality Y chromosome length and teratozoospermia may be affect the fertility rate of the infertile men undergoing IVF/ICSI.

Objective? To investigate the status of rehabilitation confidence level of stroke patients and analyze the influencing factors. Methods? A convenient sampling method was used to select 200 stroke patients who were admitted to a tertiary hospital in Beijing from December 2018 to March 2019. The general data questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Confidence after Stroke Measure (CaSM) were used in this cross study and the infuencing factors were analyzed. Results? A total of 200 questionaires were distributed and 195 questionaires were collected. The score of CaSM confidence of stroke patients was (47.32±11.44). The result of univariate analysis showed that age, marital status, education, occupation, family income, living status, accompanying type, personality type, episode times were the influencing factors of the level of rehabilitation confidence of stroke patients (P＜0.05). Using the scores of CaSM of stroke patients as dependent variables and the statistically significant variables in analysis of single factor variance as independent variables, a multiple stepwise regression analysis was performed. The result showed that living alone, occupation for farmers, staff, introverted personality and accompanying type were the influencing factors of the level of rehabilitation confidence of stroke patients, which accounted for 20.40% of the variance in rehabilitation confidence of stroke patients. Conclusions? Nursing staff should pay more attention to the individual characteristics of patients on the basis of overall nursing, and develop practical and feasible rehabilitation plans from person to person, to help patients recover their pre-disease roles or find new meaningful roles as early as possible, and comprehensively improve their confidence in rehabilitation from three aspects: social confidence, positive attitude and self-confidence.

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether quinolinic acid(QA)induces autophagy in PC12 cells and its relationship with glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β)/β-catenin related signaling path?ways. METHODS PC12 cells were treated with QA 2.5,5.0 and 10.0 mmol·L-1 for 24 h. The cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Autophagy fluorescent spots labelled form of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)was examined by LC3 immunostaining. The expressions of GSK-3β,β-catenin,LC3 and Beclin 1 were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS QA inhibited PC12 cell survival in a concentration-dependent manner,and IC50 was 8.7 mmol · L- 1. Compared with normal control group,QA 2.5,5.0 and 10.0 mmol · L-1 increased autophagic intracellular LC3 fluorescence spots,elevated the expression ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ and expression of Beclin 1 in PC12 cells(P<0.05). In addition,QA enhanced GSK-3βexpression and decreasedβ-catenin expression(P<0.05,P<0.01). CONCLUSION QA induces autophagy in PC12 cells. This mechanism may be associated with the activation of GSK-3β/β-catenin related signaling pathways.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a kind of hematological malignant tumors characterized by the unnormal proliferation of plasma cell in the bone marrow, which often occurs in elderly patients and has an obvious increase of incidence. The treatment of MM has made a great progress in the 21st century. Furthermore, with the addition of effective therapies and wide application of remissive treatment combination, the therapeutic goal of MM needs to be reevaluated. Minimal residual disease (MRD) negative status has become increasingly important, and some even consider it as the primary endpoint for therapy.

Objective To investigate the effect of fetoscopic photocoagulation of communicating placental vessels in twin-twin transfusion syndrome(TTTS)(selective or non-selective) on the perinatal outcomes.Methods Six cases of TTTS admitted in our department from Dec.2006 to Jun.2008 underwent fetoscopic photocoagulation of communicating vessels.Under direct real-time sonographic guidance,a 3-mm-diameter fetoscope was percutaneously inserted through the maternal abdominal wall into the amniotic cavity of the recipient twin.A combination of ultrasonographic and fetoscopic vision was used to identify the crossing vessels which were systematically coagulated using Nd:YAG laser fiber or bipolar electrocoagulation.Results All the 6 mothers tolerated the procedure without major complications.Two fetal survival rate was 33.33%.Conclusion Fetoscopic photocoagulation of communicating placental vessels in TTTS can effectively improve perinatal outcomes.

Objective:To systematically analyze the concept evolution, defining attributes, cases, antecedents, and consequences of family resilience in children with chronic diseases, and to clarify the concept connotation of family resilience in children with chronic diseases from the perspective of nursing practice.Methods:The article on family resilience in children with chronic diseases was systematically searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, APA PsycNet, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, VIP, and SinoMed. The retrieval period was from the establishment of the database to July 1, 2022. The Walker Avant concept analysis method was applied to the analysis.Results:Family resilience in children with chronic diseases had five defining attributes, including optimistic attitudes towards life, open communication styles, intimate family relationships, positive coping styles, and sufficient social support. The antecedents included demography characteristics, disease diagnosis, disease cognition, family rearing patterns and social and cultural environment. The consequences included both family and individual levels.Conclusions:Based on conceptual analysis, this study clarifies the conceptual attributes of family resilience in children with chronic diseases and its uniqueness compared to adult family resilience, providing a theoretical basis for constructing operational definitions, developing evaluation tools, and conducting precise interventions for future related research.

Gut microbiota is composed of trillions of microorganisms inhabiting in the human gastrointestinal tract,profoundly influences many aspects of host physiology.The roles of gut microbiota have been investigated extensively in the gastrointestinal,endocrine,neurological,cardiovascular and immune systems.This article reviews the recent research progress on the function of microbes in healthy organisms,the common research methods for microbiota,and the roles of microbiota in rheumatic immune diseases.It is expected that gut microbiota would be a novel target of clinical diagnosis and treatment for rheumatic immune diseases.

Objective To investigate the effects of mindfulness-based parenting course on parenting burnout and parent-child relationship of adolescents' mothers.Methods A total of 203 mothers who volun-teered to participate in the mindfulness-based parenting course in a middle school in Chongqing City in May 2023 were recruited as the research subjects and divided into the intervention group (n=99) and control group (n=104).The intervention group attended the eight mindfulness parenting sessions twice a week,while the control group did not attended the course.The Parenting Burnout Assessment Scale,Parent-Child Relationship Self Evaluation Scale,Five Factors of Mindfulness scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale were used to evaluate the two groups before and after intervention.Results The scores of parent-child relationship and satisfaction with life had statistical difference between the two groups (P<0.05).Compared with before intervention,the parental burnout score of the intervention group was decreased,the scores of parent-child relationship,five fac-tors of mindfulness,scores of awareness,no judgment,no reaction dimensions and life satisfaction were in-creased,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the scores of parent-child relationship,five factors of mindfulness,awareness dimension and life satisfaction after inter-vention in the intervention group were higher,while the score of conscious action dimension was lower,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion The 4-week mindfulness-based parenting course could could decrease the parenting burnout,and improve the parent-child relationship and satisfaction with life.