Objective T o observe the expression changes of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (H IF-1α) and vascular endothelial grow th factor-A (V E G F-A ) in rats w ith arrhythm ias, and to explore the differences of the expression pattern in the tw o indicators of acute m yocardial ischem ia caused by arrhythm ias and coronary insufficiency. Methods T he arrhythm ia w as induced by C aC l2, and the expression changes of H IF-1α and V E G F-A w ere detected by im m unohistochem istry, W estern blotting and real-tim e PC R w ithin 6 h after the arrhythm ia in rats. Results T he expression of H IF-1α and V E G F-A show ed diffuse in the m yocardial tissue of rats died from arrhythm ias. B oth of them increased in the early arrhythm ia, then decreased. E xtensive m yocardial ischem ia happened at the beginning of arrhythm ia occurrence and its range didn't expand w ith tim e. Conclusion T he expressions of H IF-1α and V E G F-A in m yocardium of the rats w ith arrhythm ia can provide evidence for the differential diagnosis of acute m yocardial is-chem ia caused by fatal arrhythm ia and coronary insufficiency.

MicroRNA (miRNA or miR) is a class of highly conserved endogenous non-coding RNA of 21~25nt, which is widely existed in organisms. Currently, miRNA has been proven to be associated with cardiovascular diseases in clinical research, but it has not been reported in the field of forensic medicine. This paper highlights recent findings about miRNA and its application in cardiovascular diseases, and the application aspect of miRNA in sudden cardiac death in forensic science.

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), a natriuretic peptide hormone, is mainly secreted by cardiomyocytes when they are pulled by mechanical force. BNP acts to increase natriuresis and decrease vascular resistance, thereby decreasing blood volume, systemic blood pressure and afterload. It is not only the main indicators of cardiac function which is widely used in clinical, recent studies have also shown that it has a very important value in identifying sudden cardiac death(SCD). However, the exact expression of the regulation mechanism is still unknown. This paper reviewed the structure, expression of the regulation mechanism of BNP, and the application progress in clinical and forensic.