Objective Cystatin C (CysC) is a cysteine protease inhibitor,is widely expressed in human eukaryotic cells,CysC involved in diabetic nephropathy,retinopathy,peripheral vascular disease and type 2 diabetes,insulin resistance occurs Development,as a predictor of type 2 diabetes and complications

Diabetic mellitus induced erectile dysfunction (DIED) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which seriously affects the physical and mental health of male T2DM patients. The occurrence of DIED involves a variety of pathophysiological changes such as vascular tissue, nerve, endocrine and so on. But the traditional treatment of erectile dysfunction is not ideal for DIED. Glucagon like peptide (GLP)- 1 receptor agonist has been widely used as a new drug for the treatment of diabetes, and the representative drugs are exenatide and liraglutide. Existing research shows that it can improve endothelial cell function, neuropathy and sex hormone secretion, reduce body weight and insulin resistance. Therefore, these drugs may be a new choice for patients with DIED.

Objective To explore the effect of high quality nursing care performing in the operating room and reasonable approach for assessment. Methods Stratified random sampling was used to select 93 nurses from two tertiary hospitals. The task performance and contextual performance was assessed before and after implementing a range of high quality nursing care program. Results The task performance scores and patient care, nursing information, nurse skills dimension scores respectively were 58.59 ±1.77, 19.27±1.16, 19.50±1.11, 19.80±0.70 after the operating room junior high quality nursing service project, which were 37.21 ± 1.92, 5.55 ± 0.86, 13.78 ± 1.12, 17.87 ± 0.98 before the implementation, the differences were statistically significant (t=-82.48--15.15, P<0.01). The performance scores and mutual support between colleagues, work out the extra burden, organizational support dimension scores were respectively 70.43 ± 2.94, 28.23 ± 1.21, 18.52 ± 1.29, 23.67 ± 1.86 after the operating room junior high quality nursing service project, which were 36.20 ± 1.79, 15.52 ± 1.94, 7.33 ± 1.11, 13.34 ± 0.87 before the implementation, the differences were statistically significant (t=-91.99--46.68, P<0.01). Conclusions The high quality nursing care program is a range of nursing service which can advance task performance and contextual performance of nurses in the operating room. Task performance and contextual performance are effective approaches by which high quality nursing care in operating room could be reasonably assessed.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy refers to the heart disease without coronary artery disease and hypertension,diabetic patients with ventricular dysfunction.The molecular mechanism of diabetic cardiomyopathy remains unclear.Protein and lipid kinase phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3Ks) are thought to regulate cardiac damage in diabetes mellitus.This article reviews the role of PI3K subtypes and downstream signal transduction in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy,including cardiac metabolic regulation,contractility,hypertrophy,cardiomyocyte death and inflammation.

Diabetic neuropathy is one of the common long-term complications of diabetes,which occurs in the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system,and its most common type is diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).Diabetic peripheral neuropathy can not only cause pain,numbness and limitation of activity in limbs,but also lead to diabetic foot ulcers even amputations due to hypoesthesia and anesthesia,ultimately affects the quality of life of patients with diabetes and increases the mortality.Nearly half of patients with DPN do not have any clinical symptoms,thus the early detection and diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy are particularly critical.Current perception threshold (CPT) evaluation is considered as a mean of early detection of DPN,which gains more and more attentions because of its non-invasive feature,simple operation and high sensitivity.So far,there is scarcely any article summarizing CPT evaluations' applications in researching the relationships between DPN and its risk factors.This review will discuss the principles and advantages of CPT evaluations,and its relationship with DPN will also be summarized as follows.