Objective To explore the changing regularity of humeral distal epiphysial anteverted angulation with ultrasonic measurement. Methods Using an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus with a high frequency bougie to detect the dextral elbow joint of 203 normal individuals whose age range is from 5 d to 23 years old. The subjects were divided into 5 groups by age (5 d-4 years old, 5-8 years old, 9-12 years old, 13-16 years old, ≥17 years old),and by sex into two large parts.Anteverted angulation of capitellum and lateral semitrochlear ossification center were measured with statistic analysis and correlation calculation.Results Anteverted angulation of capitellum was 48.89?? 8.96?, lateral semitrochlea 33.70?? 7.18?. Anteverted angulation of capitellum enlarges with age growth, and it reaches the climax ( 55.00?? 5.88?) at the age 13-16 years old. There was a significant difference among groups. After 17 years old, anteverted angulation slightly reduces to 52.38?? 8.27?, compared with the climax ( 55.00?? 5.88?), there was no statistical difference. Changing regularity of anteverted angulation was similar to that of capitellum. Just between the 5 d-4 years old group and 5-8 years old group, the difference was significant in angulation enlargement. There was no statistical difference among the groups above the 5-8 years old group, and no significant difference between male and female in humeral distal epiphysial anteverted angulation. Conclusions Ultrasonic examination can clearly display the images of humeral distal epiphysis. Observation and measurement is available for the epiphysial anteverted angulation by acoustic images, and the changing regularity of anteverted angulation can be illustrated.

Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on the learning-memory ability in Alzheimer's disease(AD) rats.Methods Thirty SD rats were equally randomized into control,model and EA groups.AD model was established by injecting ?-amyloid(A?25-35,10?g) into the bilateral dentate gyri of the hippocampal CA 1 area(AP-3.5mm,ML?2.0mm,DV 2.7mm).EA(4Hz,1-2mA) was applied to "Baihui"(GV 20),"Dazhui"(GV 14),bilateral "Shenshu"(BL 23) and bilateral "Yongquan"(KI 1) for 30min,once daily for 7 days.The learning-memory ability was detected by using step-down test.Long term potentiation(LTP) of hippocampal CA 1 area was recorded by using tungsten microelectrodes after high frequency stimulation(HFS) conditioning of the cortical anterior perforated substance.Results In AD rats,the error number and total error time of step-down test were increased significantly(P

Objective To explore the nursing after free great toe fibular flap transplant to repair finger pulp defects. Methods 12 cases with finger pulp defect accepted the free great toe fibular flap were reviewed. Results All flaps survived and no vascular crisis occurred. The flap shaped well, and the skin sweated and the two point discrimination was 4-6 mm. Conclusion Close monitoring and appropriate is important after free great toe fibular flap transplant to repair finger pulp defects.

Objective To explore the effects of action observation therapy on upper-extremity motor function after ischemic stroke and on the motor cortex using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).Methods Forty patients with ischemic stroke were randomly assigned to an observational group (n =20) or a control group (n =20).Both groups received conventional rehabilitation,while the observational group was additionally provided with action observation therapy for 8 weeks.Both groups were assessed using the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) and the Barthel index (BI) before and after the 8 weeks of treatment and functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed before treatment.Two months after the treatment,nine patients of the experimental group and 8 of the control group who continued to receive their respective treatments after discharge were again assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging.Results After the treatment the average FMA score and BI score of both the observational group and the control group had increased significantly.The increase in the average FMA score of the observational group was significantly greater than that of the control group.However,there was no significant difference between the two groups in the increases in BI score after 8 weeks of treatment.The fMRI results showed that there was a significantly greater rise in activity in the bilateral precentral gyrus,parietal lobe and the supplementary motor area of the patients in the observational group after the treatment compared with the control group.Conclusion Action observation therapy can improve upper extremity motor function and performance in the activities of daily living after ischemic stroke and induce changes in the excitability of the cerebral motor cortex.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in rat models of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, and to discover the mechanism of EA in preventing and treating cerebral ischemia.
Methods:Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into a sham-operation (SO) group, a model control (MC) group, and an EA group, which were sub-grouped into a 6-hour group and a 24-hour group. In the SO group, rats only received vessel separation with filament placed inside without any treatment. In the MC and EA groups, the focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was induced by using modified Longa method with intraluminal filament. The MC group didn’t receive any treatment;the EA group received EA at Baihui (GV 20) and Dazhui (GV 14) with sparse-dense wave for 30 min. The levels of serum IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were detected by using Elisa test.
Results: Six hours after ischemia-reperfusion injury, the levels of serum IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in the MC group were significantly higher than those in the SO group (P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.05);the level of serum IL-8 in the EA group was significantly lower than that in the MC group (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences in comparing IL-6 and IL-10 between the EA group and the MC group. Twenty-four hours after ischemia-reperfusion injury, the levels of serum IL-6 and IL-8 in the EA group were significantly lower than those in the MC group (both P<0.05), while there were no significant differences in comparing the level of IL-10 among the three groups.
Conclusion:Early intervention by EA can regulate the levels of serum IL-6 and IL-8 in cerebral ischemic injury.

Objective By comparing the tone recognition rates for different cochlear implant (CI) analog sounds ,the effects of the temporal coding strategy on tone recognition were investigated .Methods The professional announcer read 6 vowel (/a/,/o/,/e/,/i/,/u/,/ü/) of 4 different tones at a normal speed .After adjusting the am-plitude envelope and increasing the fine structure ,the audios with different sampling accuracy below 500 Hz(125 ,250? ?1500 pps) were obtained ,including 288 audio amplitude envelope adjusted and 288 not adjusted .Thirty young participants of normal hearing had tone recognition tests .The results and the tone recognition rates under two dif-ferent temporal properties were compared .Results When the temporal fine structures were combined in considera-tion ,the amplitude envelope as adjusted to match the fundamental frequency (F0) had a significant effect on the tone recognition .The tone recognition rate after amplitude envelope adjusted (80 .22％ ± 16 .32％ ) was higher than before (74 .83％ ± 20 .24％ ) [F(1 ,9)=16 .91 ,P=0 .002] .When the amplitude envelopes were combined in consider-ation ,changing the fine structure of the frequency below 500 Hz had a significant effect on the tone recognition [F (11 ,99)=38 .86 ,P<0 .001] .When the sampling precision was <375 pps ,the tone recognition had improved re-markably with the improvement of sampling precision (P<0 .004) .When the sampling precision was ≥375 pps , the effect on the tone recognition was not significant (P>0 .004) .The interaction between changing amplitude en-velopes and increasing the fine structure had a significant effect on the tone recognition [ F(11 ,99 )= 3 .78 , P<0 .001] .When the fine structure ≤375 pps ,adjustment on the amplitude envelope to increase the information of F0 had a significant impact on the tone recognition (P<0 .05) .When the fine structure was >375 pps ,the difference of the tone recognition before and after the adjustment tended to 0 (P>0 .05) .Conclusion In the CI coding strate-gy ,adjusting the amplitude envelope to get more F0 information improves tone recognition .To a certain degree ,the tone recognition improves when the sampling precision of frequency below 500 Hz is improved .Adjusting the ampli-tude envelope to F0 and increasing the temporal fine structure below 500 Hz can be combined in the same speech coding strategy to optimize the tone recognition .

Objective:To observe the effect of observing good swallowing on the swallowing action of stroke survivors with dysphagia.Methods:Eighteen stroke survivors with dysphagia were randomly divided into a treatment group ( n=9) and a control group ( n=9). In addition to routine swallowing rehabilitation therapy, the treatment group was asked to simulate swallowing after watching a video of normal people′s swallowing action. They did so 5 times a week for 10 minutes, while the control group just watched landscape videos at the same time. The treatment lasted 8 weeks. Before and after the treatment, both groups were assessed using the eating assessment tool (EAT-10), the functional oral intake scale (FOIS) and the penetration and aspiration scale (PAS). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was also used to observe their swallowing action. Results:There was no significant difference between the two groups in any of the measurements before the treatment. After the 8 weeks of treatment the average EAT-10, FOIS and PAS scores of the treatment group were all significantly better than before the treatment and better than the control group′s averages at the time. fMRI showed significantly more areas activated in the precuneus, parietal lobe, posterior central gyrus, BA7, BA5, frontal lobe and paracentral lobule in the treatment group compared with before the intervention and also more than in the control group.Conclusions:Observing proper swallowing action can improve dysphagia and activation of the swallowing-related brain areas of stroke survivors.

Objective To explore any effect of combining urodynamic analysis with individualized bladder training in rehabilitating neurogenic bladder dysfunction after spinal cord injury.Methods Urology patients who had suffered a spinal cord injury were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group.Both groups were given routine drugs and intermittent catheterization based on a urodynamics analysis using the Laborie urodynamic analyzer.The experimental group also received individualized bladder training for eight weeks.The bladder balance time and urinary infection rate of both groups were recorded 2,4,6 and 8 weeks after the intervention.Results After treatment,all of the patients wcrc able to achieve bladder balance,but the average bladder balance time of the experimental group was significantly shorter than that of the patients in the control group with similar injuries.After 2,4,6 and 8 weeks the incidence of urinary infection in the experimental group was significantly lower than in the control group.Moreover,after the treatment the average bladder storage volume (VH2O),bladder compliance (BC),bladder pressure (Pves) and detrusor pressure (Pdet) of both groups were significantly better than before the treatment,but the results of the experimental group were,on average,significantly better than those in the control group.Conclusion Individualized bladder training can effectively promote bladder balance and reduce the risk of urinary infection after spinal cord injury.

Objective:To observe the effect of applying repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on swallowing function and auditory evoked potentials in the brain-stems of stroke survivors with dysphagia.Methods:Sixty stroke survivors with dysphagia were randomly assigned to an observation group and a control group, each of 30. Both groups were given 30 minutes of routine swallowing training 6 times a week for 5 weeks, while the observation group was additionally provided with two-second bursts of rTMS on the left and right brain hemispheres alternately for 20 minutes daily. The frequency was 3.0Hz and the strength was 80% of the resting motor threshold (RMT), with an interval of 10 seconds between bursts. Before and after the treatment, both groups′ swallowing was assessed using the functional communication measure (FCM) and the modified Mann swallowing capacity evaluation scale (MMASA). Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) were recorded to detect any changes in the peak latency (PL) and inter-peak latency (IPL). The clinical efficacy was also observed.Results:After the treatment, the average FCM results of both groups had improved significantly, but the observation group had improved significantly more. The average MMASA total scores and the average scores on all the sub-items had improved significantly more in the observation group except for the expressive speech disorder and anarthria scores. After the treatment, improvement was observed in respiration, anarthria, range of motion of the tongue muscles, strength of the tongue muscles, gag reflex and soft palate movement compared with before the intervention. Peak and inter-peak latencies had also improved significantly more in the observation than in the control group, on average.Conclusions:rTMS combined with conventional swallowing training can significantly improve the swallowing of dysphagic stroke survivors, and shorten the PL of the BAEP so as to better regulate deglutition.

Objective:To observe any effect of repeated unilateral high frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the swallowing function and functional magnetic resonance images of dysphagic stroke survivors.Methods:Twenty stroke survivors with dysphagia were randomly divided into a treatment group ( n=10) and a control group ( n=10). Both groups received traditional swallowing rehabilitation training, while the treatment group was additionally provided with high frequency rTMS over the cortical area of the suprahyoid muscle group of the healthy contralateral cerebral hemisphere. The stimulation frequency was 5Hz and the stimulation intensity was 80% of the resting movement threshold. During the 20-minute treatment, there was a 20-second interval between each 2-second dose of stimulation. Before and after the treatment, both groups were evaluated using the Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10), a swallowing functional communication measurement (FCM) and the modified Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability (MMASA). In addition, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to observe any changes in the relevant brain regions. Results:After the treatment the average EAT-10, FCM and MMASA scores of both groups were significantly better than those before the treatment, with the treatment group′s averages significantly superior to those of the control group. After the treatment, the activation range of the parietal lobe, the superior parietal lobule, the BA7 region and the BA40 area in the treatment group was significantly larger than before the treatment and larger than the control group′s ranges.Conclusions:Repeated high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation of the cortical area of the suprahyoid muscles in the contralateral cerebral hemisphere can improve dysphagia and promote the activation of brain areas related to swallowing after a stroke.