Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic ; immunology ; Glomerulonephritis ; immunology ; Humans

Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Treatment Outcome

AIM:To explore the role of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) in anti-inflammation of glucocorticoids (GCs) at physiological concentrations .METHODS: MTT assay was used to measure the viability of BV-2 cells, which were processed by hydrocortisone at different concentrations .On the basis of inflammatory model induced by LPS in BV-2 cells, experimental groups were divided as follows:(1) control;(2) LPS;(3) GCs+LPS;(4) methyl-lycaconitine ( MLA)+GCs+LPS.The levels of TNF-αand IL-1βin the cell supernatants were detected by ELISA .RE-SULTS:Hydrocortisone at concentrations of 2 000 and 1 000 nmol/L decreased the cell viability to (76.9 ±5.5)% and (90.8 ±7.3)%, respectively, indicating the cellular injury by GCs at over-physiological doses.LPS significantly induced the releases of TNF-αand IL-1βin a time-and dose-dependent manner in BV-2 cells.Hydrocortisone at physiological con-centrations (500 and 250 nmol/L) reduced the releases of TNF-αand IL-1βin BV-2 cells stimulated by LPS, and MLA at concentration of 10 nmol/L antagonized the anti-inflammatory effect of GCs .CONCLUSION:α7nAChR is involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of the physiological concentrations of GCs .

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can recognize pathogens associated molecular of micro-organisms,leading to activation of the downstream signal transduction pathway and participate in innate and adaptive immune response.TLRs can also recognize endogenous danger signaling molecule and therefore be involved in pathogenesis of many low-grade chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.TLRs are always expressed on immune cells,and recent studies confirmed that retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells also express TLRs.This review focuses on the research progress of fundus diseases and TLRs,such as the recognition of exogenous pathogenic microorganisms and endogenous danger signals in fundus,induction of inflammatory response,phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segment by RPE and angiogenesis of fundus diseases.

Bovine Lactoferricin is a fragment of polypeptide which derives from N-terminal of bovine lactoferrin when it is digested by pepsin in acid condition. It has many biological functions. This study was designed to research the antibiosis spectrum of LfcinB and the key functional active site of the LfcinB by amino acid substitution and peptide sequence modification. Antimicrobial spectrum of the artificial synthesized LfcinB was determined by agar-well diffusion method. The antibacterial active sites were confirmed by minimal inhibitory concentration assays. After the Cysteine at the third site and the tryptophan at the eighth site of LfcinB were substituted by alanine, or two cysteine of LfcinB were respectively, the minimal inhibitory concentration of the three artificially modified LfcinBs was assayed. Results showed that LfcinB had a broad-spectrum of antibiosis, it could restrain various bacterials, such as Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungus and mycetes. LfcinB was stable to heat and pH, it could not be inactivated by many protease. The tryptophan at the eighth site and the intramolecular disulfide bond formed between two cysteins played a key role for antibiosis, as the functional active sites of LfcinB.

Based on the necessity of carrying out bioethics education to the probationer nurses, this paper put forward to introduce psychological sitcom to the probationer nurses′ bioethics education and described the practice process in detail. It also discussed the mechanism to improve the effectiveness of bioethics education from the per-spectives of creation, dramatization, and performance of psychological sitcom.

The suprachoroidal space (SCS) is the potential space between the sclera and choroid.Drugs delivered through SCS can bypass the sclera,avoiding clearance by conjunctival and scleral blood vessels and lymphatic circulation,so that more drugs can reach the disease tissues such as choroid and retina.SCS drug delivery does not disrupt the ocular integrity,is safer than the intravitreal drug injection and more effective than trans-scleral drug delivery.In addition,SCS delivery only needs a very small volume of drug,which makes it possible to be carried out in multiple parts of the sclera,and the specific disease area can be more precisely targeted.SCS drug delivery is suitable for the treatment of choroidal and retinal diseases.However,currently SCS drug delivery is still a novel field and many aspects need to be more in-depth studied,including its safety,delivery methods,drug formulation and effectiveness.

Recent studies have shown that immune cells play an important role in the development of non-immune diseases.Regulatory T cells (Treg) are a group of T cell subsets which have immunoregulatory and immunosuppressive functions.Abnormalities in the number and function of Treg cells may cause immune imbalance, which leads to the development of diseases.Immunometabolic disorders may in turn affect the generation, proliferation and function of Treg cells.Clarification of the relationship and interaction between immunometabolism and Treg cells will make it possible to treat metabolic diseases with cellular immunotherapy.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and diagnosis of primary small intestinal tumor(PSIT). Methods Retrospective analysis of the clinical and pathological data of the 31 PSIT cases was made. Results Duodenum was the most common site 67.74% for PSIT. The confirmed diagnosis rate was 54.84%(17/31)(duodenum was 66.67%,14/21; ileum and jejunum was 30%, 3/10, respectively ). 3 cases were benign tumors and 28 were malignant tumors.The adenocarcinoma was the most frequently seen malignant PSIT followed by lymphoma and often in duodenal. The features of the small intestinal tumor could be abdominal pain,abdominal mass,hemorrhage,obstruction,jaundice and fever.The chief method for diagnose was barium meal X-ray examination, especially with the hypotonic contrast X-ray examination and endoscopy.Superior mesenteric arteriography sometimes helped in determing site of gastrointestinal haemorrhage. CT scan could be helpful in diagnosis. Conclusion Duodenal adenocarcinoma is most common PSIT,followed by malignant lymphoma.Endoscopy is the best way to find out the tumor located in duodenum and hypotonic contrast X-ray examination is effective in diagnosis and locating of small bowl tumors.Superior mesenteric arteriography is a good way to find out angioma and leiomyoma. CT scanning are also helpful.