Vertigo is a kind of patients' subjective feelings. The severity of vertigo is closely related to many factors. But we are short of a well accepted quantitative evaluation method capable of accurately and comprehensively evaluating vertigo in clinics. Reducing the onset of vertigo, enhancing the re- covery of equilibrium function, and improving the quality of life of vertigo patients should be taken as the focus of evaluating therapeutic effects. As for establishing a Chinese medical effectiveness evaluation system for vertigo, we believe we should distinguish different "diseases". We could roughly identify it as systemic vertigo and non-systemic vertigo. For systemic vertigo, the efficacy of vertigo could be comprehensively evaluated by UCLA vertigo questionnaire or dizziness handicap inventory combined with equilibrium function testing indices. But for non-systemic vertigo, the efficacy of vertigo could be comprehensively evaluated by taking UCLA vertigo questionnaire or dizziness handicap inventory as main efficacy indices. Secondly, we should analyze different reasons for vertigo, choose symptoms and signs in line with vertigo features as well as with Chinese medical theories, and formulate corresponding syndrome effectiveness standards according to different diseases. We should not simply take syndrome diagnosis standards as efficacy evaluation standards.
China ; Dizziness ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Vertigo ; diagnosis

Objective To assess the value of CT in diagnosis and clinical treatment of the traumatic rupture of spleen.Methods There were 35 cases with traumatic repture of spleen,32 cases were comfirmed by operation.Plain CT scans in all cases and contrast-enhanced scans in 4 cases were performed.Results 19 cases were subcapsular hematoma,8 cases were spleen hematoma,6 cases were rended in one place of spleen,2 cases were rended in many places of spleen.Conclusion The difinite diagnosis and classification of traumatic rupture of spleen can be made by CT.The rupture of the organs around the spleen also can be found by CT,that can provide reliable evidence for clinical treatment.

Objective To observe the tissular pathological and ultrastructural changes of gastric mucosa with experimental atrophic gastritis caused by salt-water in rats and to explore the relationship between atrophic gastritis and high-salt diet.Methods The atrophic gastritis rat model was made by salt-water perfusion(0.15g/ml,2.5ml/d).The tissue of sinus ventriculi was detected with histopathologic examination and the ultrastructure of gastric mucosa was observed by scanning electron microscope.Results Under light microscope,the gastric gland was shrunk obviously in high-salt water perfusion group after high-salt water was given for 24 weeks.The muscle in muscular layer was hyperplasia and cramped into the lamina propria.The glandular epithelium in the upper 1/3～2/3 edge of the gland was atrophic.The gastric micro-depression became broaden and the width of cervical part of gastric pit became narrow.Under the scanning electromicroscope,the gastric mucosa was comparted into many gastric areas in the control group.Round or elliptic epithelium cells lined on the wall of gastric pits were in the same size and had short and spare microvillus.The epithelium was lined regularly and covered by laminar mucus.In salt-water perfusion group after the salt-water was given for 24 weeks,the surface of the gastric mucosa became thin and flat,and the glandular cells became rough.The mucosa between lumens of gland was broadened and the limited exfoliation of mucosa also could be seen.When the salt-water was given for 32 weeks,the gastric epithelial cells were shrunk,and the diameter of lumen of gland was broadened.There was breakage in the cell surface.Erosions with various size and shape and fibrous exudation could be seen.Conclusion Salt-water perfusion may cause the damage of the epithelia of gastric mucosa in experimental rats and long-term high-salt stimulation can induce the injury and atrophy of gastric mucosa.

Objective To investigate the incidence and possible reasons of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who stopped taking slow-acting antirheumatic drugs (SAADs).Methods Two hundreds and twenty-four in-or out-patients with RA were prospectively followed up for 4-year,and their demographic and clinical information and reasons of SAADs cessation were recorded.The difference between patients who stuck to SAADs and those who stopped SAADs and the factors that resulting the cessation were analyzed.Results ① Fourty-eight percent of 224 patients with RA ceased taking SAADs during 4-year period.② The main reasons of ceasing SAADs,provided by patients themselves,were side effects of SAADs,ineffectiveness,lack of knowledge about drugs,short of SAADs,concurrent diseases,and intention to pregnancy.③ There was significant difference in low income,poor educational status,number of tender joints,and rheumatoid factor level between the patients who stuck to SAADs and those who did not.Conclusion The high incidence of SAADs cessation in RA patients should rise concern.Both medical and patient factors contribute to the cessation.

Objective To investigate the changes of blood pressure in rats with experimental brain infarction caused by use of mild hypothermia. Methods One hundred and twenty Sprague Dawley rats were used and divided randomly and equally into a control group and an experiment group. In all of the rats, the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was made to cause the experimental brain infarction, and reperfused 2 hours later. Three hours after MCAO, the rats in the experiment group were placed in the 4℃ with the rectal temperature controlled at 34? 1.0℃ , while those in the control group in the room temperature. The heart rate, breath, blood pressure, oxygen saturation and rectal temperature were monitored. The rats were sacrificed 24 hours after MCAO and the infarction volume were observed. Results After MCAO, the blood pressure was significantly increased as compared with that prior to MCAO ( P 0.05) . Hypothermia significantly reduced the blood pressure after being used for more than 3 hours ( P

Objective To explore influencing factors for complete resection and operation time of endoscopic submucosal dissection( ESD) for colorectal tumors. Methods This retrospective study included 95 consecutive colorectal tumors in 88 patients whose pathological diagnosis was adenoma and carcinoma, treated with ESD at the Department of Endoscopy of the First Hospital of Jilin University from January 2013 to December 2014. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted on the factors related to complete resection and operation time. Results Average tumor size was 28. 7±14. 1 mm(range,8?80 mm), and the average procedure time was 80. 72±63. 90 min. The rate of complete resection was 92. 6%(88/95),and the rate of incomplete resection was 7. 4%(7/95). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that fibrosis (P=0. 012,OR=52. 473, 95%CI:2. 571?1140. 438) contributed to incomplete resection. Fibrosis ( P=0. 001, OR=0. 045, 95%CI:0. 007?0. 289) ,tumor size ( P=0. 035,OR=0. 170, 95%CI:0. 033?0. 884) ,granular?type laterally spreading tumor ( P=0. 013, OR=34. 432, 95%CI:2. 138?554. 476 ) , non?granular?type laterally spreading tumor(P=0. 044,OR=31. 715, 95%CI:1. 093?919. 904) were independent factors for extending operation time of colorectal ESD. Conclusion The severer fibrosis can induce higher rate of incomplete resection. The more severe fibrosis is, the larger tumor size is, and the longer operation time is.

Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic System ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness

Objective To study the origin, position, pathogenesis and differentiation rule of depressive disorder in ancient medical records, Er Xu Ming Yi Lei An. Methods Study medical records in ancient medical books, Ming Yi Lei An, Xu Ming Yi Lei An, Er Xu Ming Yi Lei An. Adopt Excel to establish medical records' database about depressive disorder, and use frequency analysis method to summarize medication rule of Chinese materia medica for treating depressive disorder. Results Six body symptoms referred in medical records are anorexia,lassitude, sweating, abdominal distension, insomnia, and hypochondriac pain, account 53.41% in top ten symptoms;regulating Qi method is the most frequently used treatment; The most frequently use prescriptions in a descending order are Xiaoyaosan, Buzhong Yiqi Tang, Taoren Chengqi Tang, Modified Guipi Tang, Wendan Tang, Liujun Zi Tang, Suanzaoren Tang, et. Most frequently applied medical herbs in a descending order are bupleurum, dried tangerine peel, white peony alba, tumeric root tuber, fossilia ossis mastoid, and Chinese angelica, et. Conclusion There are certain rules in the origin, pathogenesis, diagnosis and prescriptions of depressive disorder in ancient medical records, Er Xu Ming Yi Lei An.

AIM To study whether nitric oxide preconditioning induce early protection of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. METHODS Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were divided into 6 groups. ①Normal group;②NO group: SNAP(500 ?mol?L -1 ) was added to cell medium 1 h before lethal hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) injury (6 h hypoxia and 3 h reoxygenation); ③HP group: Cells were cultured for 60min hypoxia followed by 30 min reoxygenation to form hypoxia preconditioning before lethal HR injury;④ L NAME+HP group: Nitric oxide synthase antagonist L NAME was added during HP stage;⑤ L Arg group: L arginine was added to cell medium 1h before lethal HR injury;⑥ L NAME+ L Arg group: Both L NAME and L Arg were added to cell medium 1 h before lethal HR injury;⑦H/R group: Cells underwent lethal HR injury without any treatment. Cardiomyocytes injury was detected by lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity and cell viability. RESULTS Nitric oxide preconditioning can protect cardiomyocytes by reducing LDH activity and improving cell viability ( P

Objective To assess the effects of surgical treatment for patients with blepharochalasis and its associated abnormali- ties. Design Retrospective case series, Participants 35 cases (52 eyes) with blepharochalasis in stable phase. Methods The correction of the abnormalities in upper eyelids: after designing the lid crease incision, the redundant eyelid skin and prolapsed fat were excised, and prolapsed lacrimal glands were sutured back into position in 18 cases (36 eyes) and ptosis was treated in 10 cases (16 eyes). The correction of abnormalities in lower eyelids: lower eyelid retraction was corrected in 4 cases (6 eyes). The correction of lateral canthus malformation: lateral canthus rounding was treated in 7 cases (14 eyes), accompanied with or followed by correction of baggy eyelid or ptosis. Main Outcome Measures The shape, location and movement of bilateral eyelids, the location of lacrimal glands and the cir- cumstance of tear secretion. Results During the follow-up of 6～60 months, the appearance and location of bilateral eyelids and can- thuses were satisfying, the function of eyelids were normal, and no dry eye symptoms were found. Two cases (3 eyes) appeared recurrent lacrimal gland prolapse 29 and 36 months postoperation and received surgeries for correction again. There was no recurrence after the second prolapse correction surgery in the follow-up of 18 and 24 months respectively. Conclusions Surgical treatment for patients with blepharochalasis and its associated abnormalities is safe and effective. Its recurrence rate is low.