OBJECTIVE:To study the general pattern and characteristics of adverse drug reactions(ADR)induced by polysaccharide sulfate(PSS).METHODS:A retrospective study was carried out to collect and statistically analyze62cases of ADR induced by PSS reported in domestic academic journals between January1994and December2005.RESULTS:The ADR to PSS were independent of patient’s sex and dependent of patient’s age,administration routes and dosage.The ADR occurred at different intervals after drug application.Clinical manifestations of ADR were multiple involving several organs and systems,mainly damage of immune system and musculoskeletal system.CONCLUSION:Clinical doctors and pharmacists should under-stand the pattern and characteristics of ADR induced by PSS,and strengthen monitoring of its use in order to reduce occurrence of ADRs.

OBJECTIVE:To study the general pattern and characteristics of the ADRs associated with Saponins of panax notoginseng(SPN)injection to guide rational administration of this drug.METHODS:ADR cases induced by SPN injection that retrieved from domestic medical journals between 1994 and 2006 were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:Of the total 81 ADR cases induced by SPN injection,females showing higher percentage than males,and the ADRs were more often seen in aged group.The ADRs usually occurred following second time injection or repeated injections.The clinical manifestations of ADRs varied and could involve multiple organs and systems,which were characterized predominantly by damages of skin and its appendages.CONCLUSION:Doctors and pharmacists should master the pattern and characteristics of ADRs and strengthen ADR monitoring so as to reduce the incidence of ADRs.

OBJECTIVE:To study the characteristics and precautions for use of Chinese traditional patent medicines containing chemical components and to guide rational and safe use of these medicines in the clinic. METHODS: The data about Chinese traditional patent medicines containing chemical components were collected and analyzed statistically. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: The Chinese traditional patent medicines containing chemical components have distinct characteristics, and clinicians and pharmacists should attach great importance to the precautions for use for the sake of rational and safe use of these medicines.

OBJECTIVE:To study the general pattern and characteristics of the adverse drug reactions(ADRs)induced by Vincristine injections for references of rational drug use.METHODS:ADRs induced by Vincristine injections reported in domestic medical journals from 1994～2006 were retrieved and analyzed statistically.RESULTS:ADRs induced by Vincristine injection occurred mostly in female patients aged less than 20 years or above 60 years at different time after drug administration.The ADRs might involve lesions of multiple organs and systems,much as in the lesion of gastrointestinal system.CONCLUSION:Clinicians and pharmacists should familiarize the pattern and characteristics of ADRs induced by Vincristine injections and tighten monitoring on the use of Vincristine injections to reduce the incidences of ADRs.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the general pattern and characteristics of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) induced by Tetramethylpyrazine(TMP) so as to provide references for clinical rational drug use. METHODS: A statistical analysis was conducted on 30 TMP-induced ADR cases reported in domestic medical journals. RESULTS: ADRs of TMP were independent of patient's sex, and which were more often seen in patients aged above 50. The ADRs could occur at any time after medication and involve multiple organs and systems. The clinical manifestations were various and manifested as allergic reaction or even allergic shock in severe cases. CONCLUSION: Doctors and pharmacists should master the pattern and characteristics of ADRs induced by TMP, and strengthen monitoring on the use of TMP to reduce the incidence of ADRs induced by TMP.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Child ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; genetics ; Humans ; Macrolides ; pharmacology ; Pediatrics ; Streptococcus pyogenes ; drug effects

Objective To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of human coronovirus (HCoV ) infection in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI)in Shanghai.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted between October 2009 and September 2012.Five hundred and fifty-four cases of ALRTI in children under 5 years were enrolled. HCoV and other respiratory viruses in archival nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens were detected by a commercial Seeplex RV12 ACE detection kit.HCoV pan-family reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR)was performed to screen all known six HCoV,including HCoV-229E,HCoV-OC43, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV,HCoV-NL63,HCoV-HKU1 ,and real-time PCR was performed to screen Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV.MEGA5 .0 software was used to perform sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis.Results In 554 samples,at least one virus was identified in 273 cases (48.56%)and HCoV was detected in 18 cases (3.25 %),among which 13 were HCoV-OC43/HKU1 positive,5 HCoV-229E/NL63 positive.No high pathogenic MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV were detected.The median age of 18 children with HCoV infection was 18 months (1 -48 months)with 12 boys and 6 girls.Seventeen cases had fever,11 cough,9 tachypenea and 1 wheeze. Seven received oxygen therapy,and 6 were admitted to intensive care unit for treatment.Two who was in ordinary ward were coinfected with adenovirus and human rhinovirus.All 18 cases recovered or improved on discharge.Six was infected in autumn,5 in winter,3 in spring and 4 in summer.Of 8 HCoV-positive samples which were sequenced,each 3 samples belonged to HKU1 and 229E subtypes,respectively,and each 1 belonged to OC43 and NL63 subtypes,respectively.Conclusions HCoV is a relatively common viral pathogen among hospitalized young children with ALRTI in Shanghai.No high pathogenic MERS-CoV is detected.HCoV can cause severe infection with favorable outcome.

Objective To analyze the correlation between the UK National Early Warning Score (NEWS) and emergency elderly patients within six hours' outcomes,study the value of NEWS in the prescreening assessment of elderly patients.Methods 213 cases of emergency elderly patients were selected as a sample,and were evaluated with NEWS pre-check.Then we tracked patients' outcomes within six hours were analyzed the correlation between the two.Results With NEWS score increased,the salvage rate and fatality rate were increased.Conclusions NEWS shows independent predictive value in the pre-screening assessment of the emergency system,and should be widely applied in it.

OBJECTIVE:To summarize the status quo of the clinical pharmacy of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and discuss strategies and considerations on its future development.METHODS: The concept and the task about the clinical pharmacy of TCM were summarized analytically,and some strategies and considerations on its development were presented. RESULTS & CONCLUSION:The development of clinical pharmacy of TCM went on badly and it didn't achieve due progre-ss,therefore its development should be strengthened.

Cytochrome P450 are abundant in Streptomyces which play an important role in the biosynthesis of secondary products and metabolism of exotic chemicals of Streptomyces. Recent progress and function of cytochrome P450 in Streptomyces were reviewed in this paper. The problems in study of Streptomyces Cytochrome P450, and the prospects for future study of cytochrome P450 and its application were also discussed.