Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious clinical problem with high morbidity and mortality. Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is an important tool for treating patients with AKI. The 2011 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Clinical Practice Guideline for AKI points out that RRT should be discontinued when renal function has recovered enough to meet the body needs or when RRT is no longer consistent with treatment goals. However, the specific reference index of weaning RRT is unclear. The guiding roles of traditional indicators such as urine output (> 400 mL/24 h), serum creatinine (SCr, decreasing trend), creatinine clearance (CCr, > 20 mL/min), and novel biomarkers such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), interleukins (IL-6, IL-10), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), kynurenic acid, etc. for discontinuation of RRT in AKI patients were reviewed. Particularly, the importance of biomarkers for this purpose was highlighted.

0 55). The Vmax and Vmin of the patients were singnificantly higher than those of healthy people. The RI of healthy subjects was higher than that of the patients. The Vmax and Vmin of the kidney with tumor was singnificantly higher than that of the other normal kidney side. Conclusion The hemodynamic features of the kidney tumors and kidney artery were valuable to the differential diagnosis of the malignant and benign kidney tumors.

Objective To investigate effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)treatment on pulmonary function, frequency of asthmatic attack, and quality of life in patients of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) accompanying with asthma. Methods Twenty-three patients of OSAS accompanying with mild-to-moderate asthma were studied. They were divided into two groups, gastroesophageal reflux ( GER ) group ( n = 9 ) and non-GER group ( n = 14 ), based GER questionnaire score equal to or greater than 12, or less than 12. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs), Epworth sleepy score (ESS), quality of life for obstructive sleep apnea (QOLAp) score, quality of life for asthma (QOLAs) score and polysomnography (PSG) were measured for all the patients before and after four-week CPAP, respectively. Results No significant difference in PFTs was revealed before and after four-week CPAP between the two groups. However, there was significant difference in scores of QOLAp, ESS and QOLAs before and after four-week CPAP treatment, ( 12. 8 ± 2. 8 ) and (4. 6 ± 0. 9), ( 5. 1 ± 0. 7 ) and (6.3 ±0.6), and (4. 1 ±0.5) and (6.3 ±0.5) in GER group, and (13.0 ±2.9) and (4.6 ± 1.1),(4.7±0.5) and (5.6±0.6), and (3.6±0.3) and (5.8 ±0.6) in non-GER group, respectively (P＜0. 01 or 0. 05). Frequencies of asthmatic attack and nocturnal asthmatic attack reduced to ( 1.7 ± 1.1 )episodes per week and (0. 7 ± 0. 3) episodes per week after four-week treatment from (2. 9 ± 2. 0) episodes per week and ( 1.4 ± 0. 8) episodes per week before treatment ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) in GER group, but no significant difference was found before and after treatment in non-GER group. Scores of QOLAs increased more significantly in GER group than that in non-GER group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion CPAP treatment can significantly improve quality of life, rather than pulmonary function, in patients of OSAS accompanying with asthma, especially in those with GER symptoms.

Objective To study the effect of hypothyroidism on oxidative stress status in developing rat brain and to further explore the mechanism of impaired brain development caused by hypothyroidism. Methods Perinatal hypothyroidism was induced by administering propylthiouracil(PTU) solution to the dams by gavage.The oxidative stress indexes were measured in brain homogenate of normal and hypothyroid pups which were sacrificed on the 21st d after birth. Results As compared to the control,the following indexes were found to be increased in the hypothyroid group: protein carbonyl contents,thiobarbital acid reactive substances,reduced glutathione,total antioxidative capacity,activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase(P0.05). Conclusion Hypothyroidism during rat brain development may cause oxidative stress,which may be related to the brain damage caused by hypothyroidism.

Objective The generate of posterior capsular opacification(PCO)is associated with the adhensive and migration of residual subcapsular lens epithelial cells(LECs).Titanium dioxide(TiO_2)nanometer is proved to have the ability of killing tumor cells and cultured bovine LECs.This study tried to observe the effects of TiO_2 nanometer thin film provoked by light on adhesiveness and migration of bovine LECs in vitro.MethodsThe fresh bovine lenses were obtained and cultured in DMEM containing 10% of newborn bovine serum.The second to fifth generation of cells were used in this experiment.The slide modified by TiO_2 photocatalyst film was prepared by sol-gel method.Cultured cells were seeded in filmed or unfilmed slides respectively and exposed to ultraviolet(wavelength 365 nm)for 20 or 40 minutes.The contact angle between water drop and slide was measured by droping method and the cells adhered to slides were calculated after 24 and 48 hours of culture.The growth status and migration distance of bovine LECs were assayed and compared between filmed and unfilmed groups.ResultsThe contact angle between water drop and slide was 0°±2°and 18.825°±2.342° in filmed and unfilmed group respectively,indicating a obviously smaller contact angle in TiO_2 filmed group than unfilmed one.The numbers of bovine LECs adhered to filmed slide was considerably reduced in TiO_2 filmed group compared with unfilmed group in different UVA exposure time(t_(0 min)=5.492,P=0.001;t_(20 min)=6.031,P=0.000;t_(40 min)=6.828,P=0.000).However,no significant difference was found in the numbers of adhensive cells among 3 UVA irradiation time points(F=1.278,P=0.297).The migration distance of the cells was significantly shorter in TiO_2 filmed group in comparison with unfilmed group in 24 and 48 hours after UVA irradiation(F_(group)=14.965,P=0.000;F_(time)=38.033,P=0.000).ConclusionThe TiO_2 nanometer thin film is characterized by the superhydrophilic property.So it can effectively impede the adhesion and migration of bovine LECs in vitro.

Objective:This study investigated 376 adolescents' interpretations to peer rejection events. Methods:Measuring 376 adolescents' degrees of peer acceptance and their interpretations to peer rejection events by means of pen and paper questionnaires.Results:Peer-rejected adolescents presented a similar way of general interpretation to rejected events happened in other peers,however they interpret their own rejected events in a completely different way compared with popular adolescents:The main effects of peer acceptance types were significant on objective and subjective question scores(F(3,344)=3.212,P=0.023;F(3,344)=4.059,P=0.007, respectively);and there was a significant interaction effect of sex?age?peer acceptance types (F(9,344)=3.447, P

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Digestive System Neoplasms ; complications ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; etiology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; therapy ; Young Adult

ObjectiveTo study the method and effect of individualized education on children with learning disability (LD).Methods30 children during 7-10 year old in a local boarding elementary school were chosen and guided individually as the following: sensory integration dysfunction drill, subtle motion drill, life skills drill, cognitive capability drill, behavior therapy, game therapy, music therapy and parents education. One and a half year later, the index of Sensory Integration Rating Scales and study marks were determined and compared with that of the normal children.ResultsThere is not significant difference between the LD children and the normal ones in the sensory integration of behavior and the learning achievement.ConclusionIndividualized education is a valid approach improving the potentiality of the LD children\'s physiology and psychology.

Objective To explore the mediating role of coping modes between illness perception and posttraumatic growth among patients with breast cancer. Methods Totally 300 patients with breast cancer were investigated with the posttraumatic growth inventory, brief illness perception questionnaire and medical coping modes questionnaire. Results The total score of illness perception was 40. 77 ± 6. 85. The scores of confrontation coping style,avoidance coping style and resignation coping style were 19.42±3.51, 17.78±2.79,8.64±3.35. The total score of posttraumatic growth was 57.38±10.48. Illness perception was negatively correlated with posttraumatic growth ( r=-0.743) ,confrontation( r=-0.568) and avoidance ( r=-0.621),positively related with resignation( r=0.727).Posttraumatic growth was positively correlated with confrontation and avoidance ( r=0.729, r=0.657) ,but negatively correlated with resignation( r=-0.757) (P<0.01) . Coping modes had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between illness perception and postt?raumatic growth. The total mediation effect value was 0.428,and the mediation effect was 57.60%,while con?frontation and resignation mediation effect value were -0. 191 and -0. 207, and the mediation effect were 25.70% and 27. 86%. But there was no statistical significance in avoidance mediation ( effect value was-0.030 and the mediation effect was 4.04%) . Conclusion Confrontation and resignation coping modes play a role multiple mediation effects between illness perception and posttraumatic growth.

Objective To evaluate the immune response triggered by an in-house constructed hu-man metapneumovirus multi-epitope antigen ( MEA) in a mouse model .Methods Female SPF BALB/c mice at age 4-6 weeks were used in the study and divided into 7 groups.Mice in the five groups including MEA+oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs ( CpG ODN) intraperitoneal injection ( i.p.) treatment group, MEA+Alum i.p.treatment group, MEA+Alum+CpG ODN i.p.treatment group, MEA+CpG ODN intranasal (i.n.) treatment group and MEA+Alum+CpG ODN i.n.treatment group were immunized three times on days 0, 14 and 21, and those in the other experimental group were immunized intramuscularly with MEA+Quickantibody5W on days 0 and 21.A control group without treatment was set up accordingly .All mice were sacrificed two weeks after the last immunization .Antibodies including IgG , IgG1, IgG2a and IgA in serum samples were detected by ELISA .MTS assay was performed to analyze the proliferation of lympho-cytes.The cytotoxicity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was measured by LDH assay.Flow cytometry was used to detect T lymphocyte subsets .The cytokines secreted by T helper cells ( Th1 and Th2) were analyzed with Bio-Rad Liquid Chips.Results High titers of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies were produced in MEA treated mice except for those in intranasal treatment groups .Serum samples from three groups including the MEA+Alum i.p., MEA+Alum+CpG ODN i.p.and MEA+Quickantibody5W i.m.treatment groups were positive for IgA antibody .The highest titer of IgA antibody was detected in mice from the MEA+Alum+CpG ODN i.p.treatment group, which was 2.15×103.Compared with the control group, significantly enhanced proliferation of lymphocytes was observed in the MEA+Alum i.p., MEA+Alum+CpG ODN i.p.and MEA+Quickantibody5W i.m.treatment groups (P<0.05).Enhanced cytotoxic activities of CTL were observed in mice with ip.and i.m.treatments as compared with those in control group (P<0.05).The levels of CD4+/CD8+T cells were slightly increased in mice from the MEA+CpG ODN i.p., MEA+Alum+CpG ODN i.p. and MEA+Quickantibody5W i.m.treatment groups as compared with those in control group (P<0.05).In-creased secretion of IL-2, IFN-γand Th2-type cytokines including IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 were detected in mice from the MEA+CpG ODN i.p.treatment group.The MEA+Alum i.p.treated mice showed a slightly increased secretion of IFN-γand significantly increased secretions of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10.Significantly in-creased secretions of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 were detected in mice from the MEA+Alum+CpG ODN i.p.treatment group.Significantly increased secretions of IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-10 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were detected in mice from the MEA+Quickantibody5W i.m.treatment group.Conclusion MEA together with different adjuvants could stimulate high titers of specific antibodies , increase the proliferation of lymphocytes and enhance the cytotoxic activities of CTL .CpG ODN could bal-ance the Th1/Th2-mediated immune responses , and the balance could be enhanced when using CpG ODN in combination with Alum .A similar effect could be achieved by using the commercial adjuvant Quickanti -body5w.This study has paved the way for further investigation on the development of hMPV epitope vaccines and diagnostic reagents for hMPV as well as the epidemiological study of hMPV .