Objective:To establish the determination method for total flavonoids in Cyperus rotundus and investigate the total fla-vonoids content in Cyperus rotundus from different habitats. Methods:Total flavonoids in Cyperus rotundus from different habitats were detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry with rutin as the standard substance. Results:The absorbance of rutin had a good linear cor-relation with the concentration within the range of 0.064 3-0.642 6 mg·ml-1(r =0.999 1). The average recovery was 99.74%(RSD=2. 16%,n=6). The order of total flavonoids content in Cyperus rotundus from different habitats was Henan province >Sichuan province> Guangdong province >Anhui province > Halnan province >Shandong province. Conclusion:The method is easy and ac-curate, which can be applied in the quality control of Cyperus rotundus. The total flavonoids content in Cyperus rotundus from Henan province is the highest.

0.99.The quantitive restriction was 0.1 ?g/mL,the recovery rate was over 70%.The RSD of intra-and inter-day was less than 15%.The pharmacokinetic parameters of flavonoids were different from each other after ig and iv administration.The absolute bioavailability of flavonoids were 12.9%,10.8%,2.2%,10.2% and 5.9%,respectively.Conclusion The method is sensitive,specific,accurate,and is not only useful for guiding the bioavailability study on the corolla of A. manihot,but also for establishing a reasonable clinical dosage program.The four flavonols in the corolla of A.manihot can be rapidly distributed and eliminated in rats,the pharmacokinetics of two routes of administration are different.A novel integrated pharmacokinetic approach to describing the holistic pharmacokinetic properties of Chinese materia medica has been successfully developed and validated using four flavonols of A.manihot as a model herbal medicine.This study would be a new try for guiding the holistic pharmacokinetic study in consistence with the intrinsic theory and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine.

[Objective]To analyze the clinical features and related risk factors in diabetic retinopathy(DR)and diabetic periph?eral neuropathy(DPN),the two micro-peripheral vascular diseases in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.[Methods]A retro?spective study of 211 cases of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus inpatient from 2009 to 2012 ,and compare the two micro-peripheral vascular complications.[Results]The morbidity of DPN was(33.6%),which was higher than that of DR,some cases of DR co-existed with DPN,DR was related with DPN(r=0.158,P=0.020). Age and systolic blood pressure were the common risk factors in DR and DPN by single factor analysis.[Conclusion]It should be paid attention to the screening of both DR and DPN in each age group in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Except for the control of blood glucose ,the control of the systolic blood pressure is important in the prevention and treatment in the two micro-peripheral vascular diseases.

Objective To investigate the serum superoxide dismutase( SOD) ,malondialdehyde ( MDA) , and nitric oxide( NO) level in generalized anxiety disorder ( GAD) patients for exploring the importance of oxida?tive stress in etiology of GAD. Methods 42 cases of first episode patients with GAD ( GAD group) and 42 cases of health ( control group) matched with age and gender were included . Serum levels of SOD,MDA ,and NO were tested to analyze for a control study.Results GAD patients had significantly higher levels of SOD,MAD and NO than health controls ((858.09±137.32)×102 U/L vs (745.40±119.19) ×102 U/L;(10.92±3.42)mmol/L vs (7.52±2.32)mmol/L;(74.32±12.34) μmol/L vs(65.22±14.29) μmol/L), t=4.036,5.368,3.297;P=0.000, 0.000,0.003) . A positive relationship between SOD and total score of Hamilton Anxiety Scale( HAMA ) ,psychotic anxiety factor of HAMA,or somatic anxiety factor of HAMA was found in GAD group ( r=0.331,0.370,0.318;P=0.029,0.016,0.040).The level of MAD correlated with total score or psychotic anxiety factor of HAMA( r=0.311, 0.320;P=0.042,0.039).Conclusion It is suggested that the dysfunction of oxidative stress may play a role in pathogenesis of generalized anxiety disorder.

The isolated 24 strains-producing hydantoinase & carbamoylase were first identified by Biolog microbial identification system and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.The results suggested that the hydantoinase & carbamoyalse-producing bacteria belonged to Bacillus,Geobacillus,Brevibacillus,Aneurinibacillus,Microbacterium,Pseudomonas,Kurthia and Empedobacter,and so on.Especially,Kurthia and Empedobacter were new hydantoinase & carbamoylase-producing genera.Furthuremore,it was found that D-hydatoinase & carbamoyalse-producing bacteria belonged to Pseudomonas and Agrobacterium,while most of L-hydantoinase & carbamoyalse-producing bacterial belonged to Bacillus,Geobacillus and Microbacterium.The distribution feature of D-hydantoinase & carbamoyalse-producing bacteria and L-hydantoinase & carbamoyalse-producing bacteria showed some genera tendency.This research work will provide the biomaterial of different hydantoinase and carbamoylase and contribute to study the structure and function,molecular evolution of the two enzymes.

Objective To investigate whether the change of cardiac output (CO) with bed head raising (BHR) combined with passive leg raising (PLR) can be used to assess volume overload in critical patients.Methods A prospective observational diagnostic trial was designed. The patients who underwent fluid resuscitation 6 hours or more, and admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Meizhou People's Hospital in Guangdong Province from January to December in 2016 were enrolled. Volume overload were identified with the criteria including the increasing of pulmonary rales, the higher levels of N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and new pulmonary exudates in chest radiograph. CO and heart rate (HR) were monitored with impedance cardiography at supine position and BHR by 30°(BHR30), 60° (BHR60), and PLR in all patients. The changes of CO (?CO30,?CO60,?COPLR) and HR (?HR30,?HR60,?HRPLR) were calculated at different positions. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the predictive values of?CO30,?CO60 and combination of?CO60 and?COPLR on volume overload.Results A total of 62 patients were enrolled in this study, with 44 males and 18 females, age of (58.9±15.9) years, a body mass index of (22.7±2.4) kg/m2, and an acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score of 18.7±4.4. The CO of 32 patients with volume overload was significantly increased at BHR30 or BHR60 compared with supine position [?CO30 was (14.5±11.5)%,?CO60 was (26.9±17.5)%, bothP< 0.01], and the?CO60 was increased more than the?CO30 (P < 0.01);while CO was slightly decreased after PLR,?COPLR was (-8.4±11.3)% (P > 0.05). There was no consistent change of CO at BHR30 or BHR60 compared with supine position in 30 patients without volume overload,?CO30 was (-3.4±9.1)% (P < 0.05),?CO60 was (-2.4±14.0)% (P > 0.05), while CO was significantly increased after PLR,?COPLR was (12.4±11.3)% (P < 0.01). There was no significant change of HR after BHR and PLR in patients with volume overload and non volume overload. ROC curve showed that when the cut-off value of ΔCO30≥3.3%, the area under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.903±0.039, the sensitivity was 90.6%, the specificity was 80.0%, and the accuracy was 85.5% for predicting volume overload; when the cut-off value of ΔCO60≥5.6%, the AUC was 0.911±0.036, the sensitivity was 96.9%, the specificity was 73.3%, and the accuracy was 85.5% for predicting volume overload. If volume overload was assessed by the increase of ΔCO60 combining with the decrease of ΔCOPLR, the AUC was 0.928±0.034, the optimal cut-off value for the new combined predictive indicator in predicting volume overload was -0.008, and the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy was 96.9%, 83.3%, 90.3%, respectively, and its evaluation effect is better than the use of ΔCO30 or ΔCO60 alone.Conclusion The change of CO with BHR combined with PLR can be used to accurately evaluate volume overload in patient with critically illness.

AIM: Valproic acid (VPA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor and is believed to have anti-tumor activity. The present study aims to investigate the effect of VPA on the, apoptosis and cytokine synthesis of human peripheral lymphocytes. METHODS: The activation and cytokine synthesis in lymphocytes in whole blood stimulated with phorbol dibutyrate (PDB) and ionomycin were evaluated with flow cytometry after fluorescent staining. The mitochondrial membrane potential was examined using 3, 3-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide [DiOC6(3)]staining. RESULTS: VPA at low doses (1 and 5 mmol/L) promoted CD69 expression in activated lymphocytes, whereas it turned to inhibit the expression of CD69 at a high dose (25 mmol/L). Meanwhile, VPA at low doses increased the mitochondrial membrane potential, while a high dose of VPA decreased it in activated lymphocytes. Furthermore, interleukin-2 (IL-2) synthesis was enhanced by low doses of VPA but inhibited by a high dose. However, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) synthesis were dose-dependently enhanced by VPA as compared with those of PDB plus ionomycin-treated cells. CONCLUSION: VPA exerts biphasic effect on the further activation and apoptosis of human peripheral lymphocytes stimulated with mitogens and exhibits differential activity on the synthesis of several important cytokines in human lymphocytes.

The contamination of extrinsic harmful contaminants including mycotoxins, heavy metals and pesticides, etc, brings serious risks to traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), further to human health. Due to their unique photoluminescence, chemiluminescence, electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence properties, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) nanoparticles are widely used to immobilize bioprobes and biosensors, etc. In this review, the luminescence characteristics and specific ligands of QDs probles which are used to determine contaminants were summed up. Then, the applications of QDs-coated novel probes in the determination of mycotoxins, heavy metals and pesticides were discussed in detail. In addition, the contamination levels and characteristics of extrinsic harmful residues in TCMs were investigated. Further, the maximum levels of those contaminants in TCMs were compared with those set by various countries. Finally, the future development trends and problems of QDs-coated probes in the determination of those extrinsic residues in TCMs were prospected.
Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Nanotechnology ; instrumentation ; methods ; Quantum Dots ; Safety ; Time Factors

Objective To investigate the changes of IL‐1β,IL‐2 ,IL‐4 ,IL‐6 ,IL‐10 and INF‐γexpressions in bone marrow of chro‐nic myeloid leukemia(CML)patients .Methods The IL‐1β,IL‐2 ,IL‐4 ,IL‐6 ,IL‐10 and INF‐γexpression levels were detected by u‐sing flow cytometry in 30 cases of CML chronic phase(CML‐CP) ,21 cases of CML accelerated phase(CML‐AP) ,15 cases of CML blastic phase(CML‐BP) ,42 cases of CML remission after treatment and 7 cases of non‐remission .Then the detection results were compared with those in the control group .Results The expression levels of INF‐γ and IL‐2 in each CML groups were lower than those in the control group(P<0 .05) ,while the expression levels of IL‐1β,IL‐4 ,IL‐6 and IL‐10 were higher than those in the con‐trol group(P<0 .05) .With the disease condition progression ,the INF‐γand IL‐2 levels were gradually decreased ,i .e .,CML‐BPCML‐AP> CML‐CP ,the difference among groups had statistical significance (P<0 .05) .After complete remission by treatment ,the INF‐γand IL‐2 levels were risen to some extent ,but which were still lower than those in the control group(P<0 .01) ,the expression levels of IL‐1β,IL‐4 ,IL‐6 and IL‐10 were decreased to some extent ,but likewise were higher than those in CML‐CP(P< 0 .05);the levels of IL‐1β,IL‐4 ,IL‐6 ,IL‐10 ,IL‐2 and INF‐γ had no statistical difference between the non‐remission group and CML‐BP group(P>0 .05) .Conclusion The changes of serum cytokines in bone marrow microenvironment of CMLpatients have certain significance to the occurrence ,development and prognosis of CML ;the de‐tection of IL‐1β,IL‐2 ,IL‐4 ,IL‐6 ,IL‐10 and INF‐γlevels in bone marrow is hopeful to provide new ideas and theoretical basis for im‐mune therapy and prognosis judgment of CML patients .

The clinical data of a case of paroxysmal extreme pain disorder(PEPD) in Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.The male patient, age of first examination was 7 months, began to have recurrent tonic accompanied by facial redness or cyanosis at 5 months after birth.The patient was diagnosed with epilepsy.The oral solution of sodium valproate and Levetiracetam were not effective.The video electroencephalogram examination displayed that, when the patient had tonic and bradycardia, the synchro electroencephalogram did not show epileptic discharge, so the patient was considered to have non-epileptic tonic.Genetic examination suggested that SCN9A gene mutation of c. 5240T >C resulted in amino acid changes: Val1747Ala.Combined with the skin changes, the patient was diagnosed as PEPD caused by SCN9A gene mutation.After the treatment with Carbamazepine, the patient′s abnormal skin changed and his-epileptic tonic disappeared, and his condition improved significantly.The early stage of PEPD can be mainly manifested as non-epileptic tonic.It is easy to be misdiagnosed as epilepsy, so the patient′s characteristic skin changes should be noticed, and genetic examination is also helpful in the diagnosis of the disease.