OBJECTIVE:To study the incidence,types,constitution ratio of adverse drug reactions(ADR)induced by antibiotics and the correlation factors of the ADR so as to promote rational drug use in our hospital.METHODS:The literature about antibiotics-induced ADR from Jan.1980 to May 2008 retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang Data and VIP full-text data base was analyzed quantitatively by dividing the literature into different categories:case study or typical case reports,clinical trial or observational reports,and regional ADR monitoring data base or hospital ADR analytical reports.RESULTS:There were 2 310 case studies or typical case reports and in which 3 794 ADR cases were reported,which manifested chiefly as allergic reaction(35.58%),nervous system reaction(17.82%)and disulfiram-like reaction(in 546 cases).928 papers were literature about clinical trial or observational reports and in which 9 434 ADR cases were reported and the average ADR incidence was 9.14%,with anti-tuberculosis drugs showing the highest proportion(25.57%),followed by nitromidazole(24.29%)and carbapenem antibiotics(23.52%);and the ADR manifested chiefly as gastrointestinal tract reaction and allergic reaction,and there were ADR cases manifested as pathoglycemia induced by quinolones.There were 300 papers were literature about regional ADR monitoring data base or hospital ADR analytical reports,in which almost all the major variety of antibiotics were involved,leading the list in terms of ADR cases were quinolones,penicillins and cephalosporins.CONCLUSION:Great importance should be attached to the rational use of antibiotics so as to avoid or reduce ADR incidence and ensure safe and effective use of antibiotics in patients.

Objective To study the association of insulin resistance ( IR ) with aortic compliance impairment in patients with essential hypertension (EH). Methods Thirty-five patients with EH and 35 healthy control subjects were enrolled. The two groups were matched by sex, age and weight Blood pressure was measured and high resolution color Doppler examination was performed. Pressure-strain elastic modulus ( EP) and stiff index were calculated to reflect the change of aortic compliance in all subjects. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was assayed with oxidase technique, serum fasting insulin ( Fins) was assayed with chemoluminescent technique, Calculate insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated using FPG and FINS. Results In the EH group, Fins, HOMA-IR and EP of ascending aorta were ( 10. 15 ± 1.03) mU /L, 2. 21 ± 0. 68, (250. 79 ± 85. 52 ) kN/m2, respectively,and the stiff index( β) was 15. 60 ±7. 55. In the control group, Fins,HOMA-IR, EP and stiff index β were (6. 80 ± 3. 05) mU/L, 1. 48 ± 0. 16, (183. 90 ± 64. 65 ) kN/m2 and 10. 86 ± 4. 92, respectively. There were significant difference on these above mentioned indices between the two groups (P < 0. 05 ). In the EH group, HOMA-IR were positively correlated with the ascending aorta EP and stiff index β ( r = 0.558 and 0.601 respectively, P < 0. 05 ). Conclusions Aortic compliance impairment and IR are found in patients with EH. There is significant association of IR with aortic compliance impairment Hyperinsulinemia related to insulin resistance might be an important influential factor which promote large artery remodeling in patients with EH.

To explore the applicability of interleukin 8(IL 8)to determination of wound age in the incised and stabbed human skin samples,an immunohistochemical study on the temporal expression of IL 8 was performed on 52 human skin wounds at different posttraumatic intervals.Expression of IL 8 was detectable in polymorphonuclear cells(PMNs)in the wound specimens aged 4h.In the wound specimens aged from 12～24h after injury,IL 8 was identified in a large number of infiltrating PMNs and part of mononuclear cells(MNCs).Afterwards,the MNCs and fibroblastic cells(FBCs)accounted in the most part of the IL 8 positive cells.Morphometrically,the ratio of the number of the IL 8 stained PMNs,MNCs and FBCs to total number of the cells in the wounds was evaluated and calculated.The ratio of the IL 8 positive cells was low in the wound specimens aged 4 and 6h(16 0?10 1%),and maximized in the wound specimens aged between 1 and 4 days(59 6%?8 7%).Thereafter,the ratio decreased and minimized in the specimens aged from 19 to 21 days(27 5?5 9%).The results suggest that IL 8 can be used as a marker for the wound age determination in both incised and stabbed human skin.

Objective:To explore the role of clinical pharmacists in the development of individualized drug treatment regimens for the osteosarcoma children with irregular body weight .Methods:Clinical pharmacists involved in the calculation of body weight surface area increased to that of adult for one case of osteosarcoma child during the chemotherapy , comparatively analyzed the suitable calcula-tion formula of surface area for the children in our country and helped clinicians make accurate dose of chemotherapy drugs .Mean-while, according to the pathological and physiological characteristics of the child , clinical pharmacist also provided advice on adjuvant drug use such as antiemetic regimen etc .Results:Physicians adopted the suggestions of clinical pharmacists and the chemotherapy was successfully completed .Overdose adverse reactions were avoided without the use of foreign general calculation formula of body surface area for the overweight child , and inadequate dose was also avoided for the conservative treatment , which could lower the risk of re-duced potential anticancer efficacy .Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists can help doctors perform safer and more effective drug treatment program and reduce adverse drug reactions in the treatment of special patients through participation in the development of individualized medication for cancer children to obtain maximum profit .

Bacteria ; drug effects ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Sprains and Strains ; therapy ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the change of opioid peptide content such as ?-endorphin(?-EP), dynorphinA_ 1-13(DynA_ 1-13) in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) of patients with cerebral hemorrhage, and the interference effect of Naloxone on them.Methods 60 patients with cerebral hemorrhage were randomly divided into Naloxone-treated group and control group. Conventional treatment was used in both groups, then Naloxone-treated group intravenous drip of Naloxone, each 3.0 mg, once a day, for 14 d. The concentrations of ?-EP, DynA_ 1-13 of the patients were measured with radioimmunoassay (RIA) during the acute stage before treatment and at 7th, 14th day after treatment compared with those of normal group (the normal people and the patients were treated by operations). Changes of ?-EP and DynA_ 1-13 in bleeding part and amount of bleeding were analyzed. The scores of GCS and NDS before and after treatment were examined at the same time.Results (1) The content of ?-EP, DynA_ 1-13 in plasma and CSF of patients with cerebral hemorrhage were obviously higher since acute stage than those of the normal group(all P

Varicella-zoster (chickenpox) infection is a common infectious disease and generally considered to be selflimiting. However, severe bacterial complications associated with the disease have been reported. We describe a case of varicella-zoster infection with secondary Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, preseptal orbital cellulitis and extensive facial abscesses. She was aggressively treated with intravenous antibiotics and repeated surgical drainage, and eventually made good recovery.

Oncogene c-jun is a member of jun family,the immediately early genes(IEGs),and belongs to one of the nuclear transcription factors of basic leucine zipper(bZIP)family.Combined with many gene promotors,c-jun is involved in the regulation of gene transcription.Its products play important roles in regulating gene expression,cell proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis.The structure,biological funetion,regulation of c-jun and its roles contributing to tissue damage are reviewed in this article,which may provide understanding for severity of tissue injury and wound age estimation in the field of forensic pathology.

Objective To study the relativity between pathology and CT diagnosis and CT classified types of the golioma of the brain.Methods Seventy cases of golioma confirmed by CT diagnosis and pathology by way of non-contrast CT scanning and enhanced scans were analysed in comparison the results of the pathology and CT appearances.Results (1)The accuracy rate of CT diagnosis was 85.7%;(2)having pointed out the CT classified types of the golioma of the brain a acording of CT appearances comibined with shape.Type Ⅰ was(low-tensity,non-enhancement types)16 cases,which can be only seen in Ⅰ and Ⅱ grade of astrocytoma oligodendroglioma,and the latter was often characterized by bending stripe-like calcification or cluster dot-like calcification,both of which occupy 33% of the total (3/9).Type Ⅱ was (ring-like enhanced patterns)13 cases,which often appeared in Ⅱ?Ⅲ?Ⅳ grade astrocytoma,charactenied by parietal-node which took up 53.8%(7/13).The pathology changes were mainly caused by the internal neceosis and a few by cystic changes.Type Ⅲ(nodular or mass-like enhancement) in 31 cases revealed by various types of goliomsas,which were typical CT appearances of medulloblastoma and ependymoma.Type Ⅳ(mixed types)in 10 cases had showed the CT appearances of malignant goliomas.(3)The results indicate that no or slight edema and mass effect as well as intensification were mainly seen in Ⅰ and Ⅱ grade astrocytomas,Ⅲ and Ⅳ grade astrocytomas were classified as the less serious and the serious both of which had distinctive differences.(4)Analyse the CT appearances of brain golioma in terms of tumor cytology had provided the pathology evidences for CT classified patterns.Conclusion CT appearances and CT classified patterns can reflect some pathologie characteristics and provide an important reference for astrocytoma pathology grading.