By use of 18 varieties of pesticide and six of their breakdown products, experiments were conducted to cause mutation and reversion in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 within a range of 0.01ug-100 ug/plate.
The results showed that Captan had mutagenic effects on TA98 and TA100. However, when S-9 mix was added, the number of revertant colonies ceased increasing.
Ethylenthio urea caused mutations in TA98. When S-9 mix was added, revertant colonies increased about twice the number in the control. In the absense of S-9 mix, the result was the same.

Purpose: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is the most important factor affecting morbidity and mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Patients with a high controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score, which is used to assess nutritional status, are expected to have high morbidity rates. This study aimed to determine the usefulness of the CONUT score. Methods: Data from 97 consecutive cases of PD performed in the Department of Surgery of Iwakuni Clinical Center, from April 2008 to May 2018, were included. Preoperative patient data, including sex, age, and hypertension, and postoperative complication data were collected to analyze pancreatic fistula occurrence. Results: Of the 97 patients, 2 9 patients (29.8%) were diagnosed with POPF ≥ B, with 26 cases (26.8%) classified as grade B and 3 (3.1%) as grade C. The mortality rate was 2.1% (2 of 97). In the univariate analysis, a significant association was observed between POPF and the following factors: body mass index (BMI) ≥ 22 kg/m2, high CONUT score, nonpancreatic carcinoma, and CT attenuation values. In multivariate analysis, BMI ≥ 22 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR], 6.16; P < 0.001), high CONUT score (OR, 3.77; P = 0.009), nonpancreatic carcinoma (OR, 5.72; P = 0.009), and CT attenuation values (late/early ratio) in the pancreas (OR, 9.07; P = 0.006) were independent risk factors for POPF. Conclusion Patients with a high CONUT score are at high risk of POPF. Further study correlating preoperative nutritional intervention with risk of POPF is necessary.

The uterus starts shrinking after giving birth and returns to its size prior to pregnancy one month postpartum. However, absence of this natural shrinking is called uterine subinvolution. There are two types of subinvolution : organic and functional. Removal of the cause is the first option for organic subinvolution. Conversely, most cases of functional subinvolution require drug treatment. This study included patients with subinvolution caused by accumulation of lochia with a uterine cavity width of 15 mm or more during a 14-day postpartum checkup. These patients were categorized into the control, keishibukuryogan, and ergometrine maleate groups ; therapeutic intervention was performed. A comparative study was conducted to determine the presence of subinvolution during the 1-month medical screening. There was no difference in the rate of uterine cavity shrinkage between the ergometrine maleate group and the control group. However, the keishibukuryogan group had a significantly higher reduction rate than the ergometrine maleate group. Furthermore, the keishibukuryogan group showed a tendency of higher shrinking rate when compared with the control group (76.1 ± 17.1% vs 65.8 ± 25.4%, 68.3 ± 22.9%, p = 0.0101, p = 0.0709). Additionally, no difference in the reduction rate of the fundal height was noted among the groups. These results suggest that although keishibukuryogan has little effect on reducing the uterine size, however, it has the effect of lochia accumulated within the uterine cavity.