1.Haematochezia and Higher Glasgow-Blatchford Score are Predictive Factors for Higher Red Blood Cells Transfusion Units in a Hospital-based Retrospective Study
Mohd Faeiz Yusop ; Mastura Mohd Sopian ; Anita Bhagawi ; Sharifah Azdiana Tuan Din ; Hasmah Hussin
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2021;17(No.4):109-115
Introduction: The association between clinical characteristics and endoscopic profile of acute non-variceal upper
gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) patients with red blood cell (RBC) transfusion has not been well explored in
Malaysia. Therefore, a retrospective study was performed using a five-years database to analyse the factors clinically
and endoscopically for RBC transfusion. Methods: All adult NVUGIB patients who received RBC transfusion within
the study period of 2012-2017 in Putrajaya Hospital were enrolled. There were 180 patients selected by systematic
random sampling. Our composed clinical data include demography, risk factor, aetiology, presenting symptoms,
Glasgow-Blatchford Score (GBS), endoscopic findings according to Forrest Classification and number unit of RBC
transfusion. These data were analysed using Mann-Whitney U-Test, Pearson Correlation and Multiple Linear Regression
(MLR). Results: Total 180 patients, the mean age was 63.9 (SD 11.6). Their presenting symptoms were melaena
(62.8%), haematemesis (38.3%), and haematochezia (10.6%), with the cause of bleeding was gastric erosion
(65.6%), duodenitis/duodenal ulcer (26.1%), and oesophagitis (7.8%). The mean GBS score was 10.7, and the number
of RBC transfusion unit was 2.8. The Forrest Classification showed Forrest III (36.1%), Forrest IIc (22.8%), Forrest
IIb and Ib (14.4%) respectively. Pearson’s Correlation showed a strong correlation between GBS and unit of RBC
transfusion (r = 0.922, p-value <0.001). MLR analysis revealed haematochezia (p = 0.022) and higher GBS (p <0.001)
were independent factors associated with a higher number of RBC transfusion unit. Conclusion: Haematochezia and
higher GBS score were two predictive factors for a higher RBC transfusion unit in NVUGIB patients.
2.ABO Blood Group and Its Associated Factors Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Sharifah Azdiana Tuan Din ; Mastura Mohd Sopian ; Nur Dalila Nabihan Ahmad Tajuddin ; Azrul Abdullah
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2022;18(No.4):62-66
Introduction: ABO blood group can be associated with chronic diseases, for example, cancer and coronary heart
disease, however it is not proven in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to identify the association between the ABO blood group and disease control among T2DM patients at Kepala Batas, Penang. Methods:
Approximately two mL vials of fresh blood were collected and typed using the tube method from 129 T2DM and 132
non-diabetic (control) patients, who visited the specialist clinic. The sociodemographic characteristics of the T2DM
patients was analysed using descriptive analysis. The proportions of A, B, AB, and O blood groups among the diabetic and control patients were compared using the chi-square test. Any association between the ABO blood group
and disease control was identified using the bivariate correlation test. Results: No significant association was found
between the ABO group and T2DM patients (p = 0.152) when compared with the control group. However, blood
group B was the most frequent among T2DM patients (33.3%) compared to blood group O within the control group
(36.4%). Negative associations were observed between the ABO blood group and BMI (r = 0.098, p = 0.268), as well
as the HbA1C value (r = -0.065, p = 0.464). Conclusion: No association was found between the ABO blood group
and the associated risk factors (BMI and HbA1C). However, individuals with blood group B and risk factors, such as
older age group, obesity, and high HbA1C value (more than 7.0%), should be monitored.