For over two thousand years, many artists and scientists have tried to understand or quantify the form of the perfect, ideal, or the most beautiful face both in art and in vivo(life). However, this mathematical relationship has been consistently and repeatedly reported to be present in beautiful things. This particular relationship is referred to as the golden ratio. It is a mathematical ratio of 1.618:1 that seems to appear recurrently in beautiful things in nature as well as in other things that are seen as beautiful. Dr. Marquardt made the facial golden mask that contains and includes all of the 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional geometric golden element formed from the golden ratio. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of the golden facial mask. In our cases(n=40), the authors applied the facial golden mask to the preoperative and postoperative photographs, and scored each photograph. Compared with the average scores of the facial mask applied photographs and none applied photographs using non-parametric test, statistical significance was not checked (p>0.05). It means that the facial golden mask can be used for facial analysis. The facial golden mask is easy to apply, cheap and relatively objective. So, the authors introduce the one of useful facial analyses.
Masks*

No abstract available.
Laryngeal Masks

No abstract available.
Laryngeal Masks

No abstract available.
Laryngeal Masks*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Detection of auditory signals may be improved when maskers far from the frequency of the target signal are coherently amplitude-modulated. This improvement of signal detection is called comodulation masking release (CMR). In the CMR experiments, flankers have been usually arranged symmetrically. In practice, we will be confronted with a problem by using symmetric flankers due to the limited output of clinical audiometers, especially at high-frequency. We aimed to check whether flanker arrangement has any effect on the amount of CMR, especially when there is no flankers with a frequency higher than the signal. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eighteen normal hearing listeners ranging in age from 20 to 46 years old participated. Symmetric (2-2) and asymmetric (3-1 and 4-0) flankers were used and then the amount of CMR compared among them. RESULTS: Our results showed in the same numbers of flankers, there were no statistically CMR differences between symmetric and asymmetric arrangement. Also when we did not have a flanker at a frequency higher than the signal and all flankers were placed below the signal, there was no statistically difference with the symmetric arrangement. CONCLUSIONS: The asymmetry of the flankers and also omitting the flankers with a frequency higher than the signal, have no effect on CMR results. We concluded that CMR can be considered by using clinical audiometer.
Hearing ; Masks

This study was designed to compare the performance of liquid-based preparation from the AutoCyte PREP with the conventional cervicovaginal smear in masked split-samples. In randomly selected 840 cases, the conventional smear was always prepared first, and the AutoCyte PREP used the residual cells on the collecting device. Parallel AutoCyte PREP slides and matched conventional smears were screened in a blind fashion. All abnormals and 10% random normal cases were reviewed by two pathologists in a blind fashion. The Bethesda System was used for reporting the diagnosis and specimen adequacy. The diagnoses from the two methods were agreed exactly in 767(91.3%) of 840 cases. The AutoCyte PREP demonstrated a 25% overall improvement in the detection of squamous intraepithelial lesion(SIL). The ratio of ASCUS to SIL was decreased as 0.45 compared with 1.00 of conventional smear. The AutoCyte PREP produced excellent cellular preservation and superior sensitivity for detection of atypical cells as compared to the conventional smear. It makes us to be able to subclassify ASCUS into from WNL to HSIL. We thought that the AutoCyte PREP method might contribute to increase the detection rate of abnormal cells than conventional methods.
Diagnosis ; Masks

No abstract available.
Masks ; Skin

PURPOSE: To investigate the intra-observer agreement and inter-observer agreement among observers assessing optic disc cup-disc ratio of glaucoma patients. METHODS: Fifty stereoscopic optic disc photographs of patients with glaucoma were digitized and five ophthalmology residents drew optic disc and cup margin in a masked random fashion. It was performed twice on same photographs weekly under monoscopic and stereoscopic conditions. The agreement was estimated by Pearson correlation coefficient r. RESULTS: Intra-observer agreement for estimating linear cup-disc ratio (LCDR) under monoscopic (0.84) and stereoscopic conditions (0.86) were high and inter-observer agreement was also high under monoscopic (0.81) and stereoscopic conditions (0.83) showing more perfect agreement under stereoscopic condition. The observers estimated smaller cup-disc ratio when evaluating under stereoscopic condition than under monoscopic condition. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluating optic disc stereoscopically with computer-aided planimetry can be clinically useful when managing patients with glaucoma since it has a high reproducibility.
Glaucoma ; Humans ; Masks ; Ophthalmology

PURPOSE: To compare different MR sequences for quantification of gadolinium concentration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gadolinium contrast agents were diluted into 36 different concentrations. They were scanned using gradient echo (GRE) and ultrashort echo time (UTE) and R1, R2* and phase values were estimated from collected data. For analysis, ROI masks were made for each concentration and then ROI value was measured by mean and standard deviation from the estimated quantitative maps. Correlation analysis was performed and correlation coefficient was calculated. RESULTS: Using GRE sequence, R1 showed a strong linear correlation at concentrations of 10 mM or less, and R2* showed a strong linear correlation between 10 to 100 mM. The phase of GRE generally exhibited a negative linear relationship for concentrations of 100 mM or less. In the case of UTE, the phase had a strong negative linear relationship at concentrations 100 mM or above. CONCLUSION: R1, which was calculated by conventional GRE, showed a high performance of quantification for lower concentrations, with a correlation coefficient of 0.966 (10 mM or less). R2* showed stronger potential for higher concentrations with a correlation coefficient of 0.984 (10 to 100 mM), and UTE phase showed potential for even higher concentrations with a correlation coefficient of 0.992 (100 mM or above).
Contrast Media ; Gadolinium* ; Masks

The LMA (laryngeal mask airway)-ProSeal introducer was developed for easy insertion and fewer PLMA related complications. We experienced tearing of the lingual frenulum incidentally caused by insertion of the PLMA with the introducer. We believe that the introducer may have some advantages concerning insertion PLMA but some disadvantages because it hinder patient tongue control.
Humans ; Masks ; Tongue