1.The Medical Ethics Education Curriculum Propose in the Undergraduate Medical Education.
Shinichi SHOJI ; Masayuki OBAYASHI ; Naoki MORISHITA ; Masashi SHIRAHAMA ; Akira AKABAYASHI
Medical Education 2001;32(1):3-6
There is no objection that the medical ethics enters basic matters of the undergraduate medical education. The curriculum plan of medical ethics in the medical school in our country is proposed. This curriculum aims at the participating education that the student personally chooses and discovers the result to be studied instead of the passive lecture like the boring preaching from the platform. This is the curriculum throughout a few years, because it is necessary to repeatedly study adjusting to the learning achievement.
2.The Medical Ethics Education Manual in the Undergraduate Medical Education.
Shinichi SHOJI ; Masayuki OBAYASHI ; Naoki MORISHITA ; Akira AKABAYASHI ; Masashi SHIRAHAMA
Medical Education 2002;33(2):113-119
We proposed the curriculum plan of medical ethics in the medical school in our country. That was the curriculum throughout a few years and the participating education. Now we present the manual for one case of the each six strategies. When the teacher holds classes according to this manual or with some modifications, the medical students will probably participate the education with high motivation to learn.
3.Report of the First Workshop on Medical Ethics Education
Shinichi SHOJI ; Masayuki OBAYASHI ; Akira AKABAYASHI ; Naoki MORISHITA ; Masashi SHIRAHAMA
Medical Education 2003;34(3):187-192
The first workshop on medical ethics education was held for 28 members including mainly university tutors and hospital tutors in November 2002 at Gifu. Trail for training of several kinds of medical ethics education technique was evaluated to a certain extent. We submit report of the practice and participants' evaluation of the workshop.
4.A Survey on the Current State of Postgraduate Medical Ethics Education in Japan
Noriko NAGAO ; Yoshiyuki TAKIMOTO ; Akira AKABAYASHI ; Masashi SHIRAHAMA ; Masayuki OBAYASHI ; Naoki MORISHITA ; Shin'ichi SHOJI
Medical Education 2006;37(4):215-220
To examine the present state of postgraduate ethics education for residents in Japan, we sent an anonymous self-administered questionnaire to the directors of all 640 hospitals in Japan with a registered postgraduate clinical residency program. A total of 258 hospitals returned the questionnaire (response rate: 40.3%). Of these hospitals, 69 (26.7%) had a program for ethics education and 189 (73.3%) did not. The presence of a program was strongly correlated with the number of hospital beds and a history of problems with ethics education. Respondents showed a high degree of awareness about such significant topics in ethics education as “informed consent, ” “patient privacy, ” “patient rights, ” and “physician duties.”
5.The interaction effect between physical and cultural leisure activities on the subsequent decline of instrumental ADL: the Fujiwara-kyo study.
Masayo KOMATSU ; Kenji OBAYASHI ; Kimiko TOMIOKA ; Masayuki MORIKAWA ; Noriko JOJIMA ; Nozomi OKAMOTO ; Norio KURUMATANI ; Keigo SAEKI
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 2019;24(1):71-71
BACKGROUND:
Maintenance of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and social role (SR) is crucial to keep independent life because the decline in SR and IADL was a significant predictor of dependence in basic ADL in later. The independent effect of physical and cultural leisure activities and their effect modification on the IADL remains unknown.
METHODS:
We prospectively observed 3241 elderly with intact IADL at baseline for 5 years. Higher level functional capacity such as IADL and SR was assessed using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of competence (TMIG index).
RESULTS:
The mean age of the participants was 72.3 years (standard deviation 5.1), and 46.9% were male, and 90.9% of them received a follow-up assessment. Of the participants, 10.4% developed an IADL decline. Engagement in leisure physical activity was associated with a significantly lower risk of IADL decline (adjusted risk ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60 to 0.89), and cultural leisure activity was also associated with lower risk of IADL decline (adjusted risk ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.95) independent of potential confounders. We also found significant and positive interaction between physical and cultural leisure activities at risk for IADL decline (P = 0.024) and SR decline (P = 0.004).
CONCLUSIONS
We found an independent association of physical and cultural leisure activities with a lower risk for functional decline in IADL and SR with positive interaction. Combined engagement in physical and cultural activities may effectively prevent from IADL decline and SR decline.