1.Useful exercise protocol and method of evaluation for determining gas exchange threshold (VOA).
MASASHI KAMIOKA ; HAJIME ITO ; MASATO SUZUKI
Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 2000;49(3):393-401
The purpose of the present study was to investigate a useful exercise protocol and method of evaluation for determining the gas exchange threshold (VO2GET) and correlation coefficient between VO2GET and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), which is an index of aerobic capacity. Five healthy male volunteers (age: 25.6 ± 2.0 yrs; height: 172.9±4.0 cm; weight: 69.5±6.6 kg) performed exercise tests 82 times. Each volunteer randomly conducted a RAMP exercise (1 W⋅3 sec-1), STEP-1 exercise (20W⋅min-1) and STEP-2 exercise (40W⋅2 min-1), respectively, at least 4 to 8 rotations. The gas exchange parameters (VE, VO2and VCO2) for incremental exhaustive cycle ergometer exercise were measured using a“breath-by-breath”method. Three different methods of evaluation- (VE/VO2and VE/VCO2) exchange (M-1), V-slope method (M-2), and M-1 & M-2 (M-3) -were attempted to determine VO2GET. The VO2GET values, determined by three different methods (M-1, -2 and -3) of evaluation, were classified as‘easy’ (J-A) and‘difficult’ (J-B) in all tests. Reproducibility of VO2max and VO2GET were assessed using the coefficient of variation (CV) and correlation coefficients (r) between VO2max and VO2GET.
The results are summarized as follows:
1) The means of the reproducibility of VO2max were determined among the 5 subjects by us ing RAMP, 4.8% (n=25), STEP-1, 3.1% (n=28) and STEP-2, 2.9% (n=29) exercise tests; STEP-2 exercise test values (CV) were lower than the others. There was no significant difference in the means of VO2max among the 5 subjects according to the RAMP and two STEP exercise tests (Two-way ANOVA) .
2) The best reproducibility value of VO2GET among the 5 subjects was determined using RAMP exercise tests with the V-slope method (M-2) and evaluations were classified as easy (J-A) . The value (CV) was 2.8%. There was no significant difference in the VO2GET values (M-1 (J-A, -B), M-2 (J-A, -B) and M-3) (Two-way ANOVA) and their means among the 5 subjects concerning RAMP and two STEP exercise tests (Two-way ANOVA) .
3) The best correlation coefficient (r) value between VO2max and VO2GET was obtained using RAMP exercise tests with M-2 (J-A) (r=0.976, n=20) .
The present results indicate that the most useful exercise protocol and method of evaluation for determining VO2GET is the RAMP exercise test with the V-slope method.
2.Introduction of Active Educational Methods in Medical Ethics Education and Evaluations of Their Effect on Medical Students.
Yohei FUKUMOTO ; Fujio MURAKAMI ; Masato SEGUCHI ; Setsu KOBAYAKAWA ; Yuka ITO
Medical Education 2000;31(2):77-81
We introduced active educational methods in medical ethics education and evaluated their effect on medical students. Three methods were used: 1) small-group discussion to clarify the clinical ethical issues, 2) self-study to analyze examples of doctors' explanations to patients, and 3) self-study with videotapes to recognize informed consent. We asked students to write a report on each subject of the three studies. Before grading their reports, we determined a standard answer for each subject and marked their reports according to an absolute standard. We found the mean value and standard error of the students' scores in study 1 were significantly higher than those in study 2 or 3. These results suggest that small-group discussion is an effective educational method and useful in the analysis of clinical ethical issues.
3.3.Revision of Procedures for Appropriate Management of Revlimid® and Pomalyst® (RevMate®)and Iss
Shoken KITAGAWA ; Yukiko TAKANO ; Masato ITO ; Hiromi KATSUMATA ; Sawa MORI
Japanese Journal of Pharmacoepidemiology 2017;22(1):19-28
RevMate®is one of risk minimization activities in Japanese RMPs of Revlimd®and Pomalyst®, of which indications are hematological malignancy including multiple myeloma. This is a proper management procedure approved by Japanese health authorities in order to prevent exposure to pregnant women because these agents are derivatives of thalidomide. RevMate® was revised in 2015 after the discussion in MHLW's Taskforce and its operation started from April 2016. Due to this revision of version 5.0, the manufacture no longer receives the patient name, and this and other information must be managed by the hospital. In addition, with regard to the same objective in the format used in the management procedure(TERMS®)of thalidomide drug products, unification was attempted concerning the name of the format and
the notation of confirmation items. Physician becomes to make judgment to omit explanation of some RevMate® requirements based on the patient's level of their understandings to RevMate®.Periodical survey sheet regarding compliance with RevMate® requirement filled by a patient is to be submitted directly to a physician on his/her visit instead of sending it to the manufacturer by mail under previous procedures. A representative person of the manufacture is required to visit the hospital periodically and confirm filing condition of the survey sheets and compliance check lists of RevMate® for every prescription as well appropriately at the hospital. Furthermore, RevMate® was revised to add clear role description of relevant pharmacists and nurses for in-patients and its strict drug-handling procedures at bedside as version 5.1, as we received four reports from hospitals of medication error of our drug to the another patient in the hospital within 2016. After getting approval of additional indications for Revlimid® from March 2017, RevMate® of version 5.2 started. In the view of implement RevMate® as strict “risk minimization activities” to prevent pregnant women from exposure, we will continue to solve each problem recognized from the actual operation, constantly keep basics in mind by providing necessary training to our employees about thalidomide drug problem etc. In addition, we appreciate the understanding and support from the patient, patient family, Healthcare Professional, etc. involved in this procedure without incompleteness as well as non-compliance with procedures caused by habituation. Including all these, we consider it is important to endeavor as a manufacture continuously in the future.
5.Studies on Low Back Pain Caused by Agricultural Work in Flat Villages of South District in Akita Prefecture and by Work of Fisherman in a Fishing Village in Iwate Prefecture
Takeshi Sugaya ; Shigeki Hayashi ; Masato Hayashi ; Tomio Matsuoka ; Atsuro Yoshizumi ; Shinji Okubo ; Hiroshi Kitahara ; Kazuhiro Watanabe ; Yukio Ito ; Akira Kotanagi
Journal of the Japanese Association of Rural Medicine 1983;32(4):817-826
As regards to low back pain of agricultural worker, there are many problems still as to a syndrom of “Nofusho” in rural medicine, a disease in ocupational medicine and clinic of orthopedic.
Agricultural worker who complained of low back pain varies with their country and farm products, and it tend to increase with adding to their age. Further, the female rate of low back pain showed slightly high tendency than the made rate, 8.5-12.5 % of male, 6.5-13.4 % of female always complained of low back pain.
According to the findings of roentogenographic examination of back bone, the deformed vertebrae was found clearly, especially, low back pain caused by a trauma of soft tissue and iscogenic pain showed in farmers. Therefor, it is necessary to be improved working posture and condition.
In comparrison with non-farmer, it is located in order of truck drivers. bus drivers and repairmen.
6.3.Revision of Procedures for Appropriate Management of Revlimid® and Pomalyst® (RevMate®)and Issues for the Future
Shoken KITAGAWA ; Yukiko TAKANO ; Masato ITO ; Hiromi KATSUMATA ; Sawa MORI
Japanese Journal of Pharmacoepidemiology 2017;22(1):19-28
RevMate®is one of risk minimization activities in Japanese RMPs of Revlimd®and Pomalyst®, of which indications are hematological malignancy including multiple myeloma. This is a proper management procedure approved by Japanese health authorities in order to prevent exposure to pregnant women because these agents are derivatives of thalidomide. RevMate® was revised in 2015 after the discussion in MHLW's Taskforce and its operation started from April 2016. Due to this revision of version 5.0, the manufacture no longer receives the patient name, and this and other information must be managed by the hospital. In addition, with regard to the same objective in the format used in the management procedure(TERMS®)of thalidomide drug products, unification was attempted concerning the name of the format andthe notation of confirmation items. Physician becomes to make judgment to omit explanation of some RevMate® requirements based on the patient's level of their understandings to RevMate®. Periodical survey sheet regarding compliance with RevMate® requirement filled by a patient is to be submitted directly to a physician on his/her visit instead of sending it to the manufacturer by mail under previous procedures. A representative person of the manufacture is required to visit the hospital periodically and confirm filing condition of the survey sheets and compliance check lists of RevMate® for every prescription as well appropriately at the hospital. Furthermore, RevMate® was revised to add clear role description of relevant pharmacists and nurses for in-patients and its strict drug-handling procedures at bedside as version 5.1, as we received four reports from hospitals of medication error of our drug to the another patient in the hospital within 2016. After getting approval of additional indications for Revlimid® from March 2017, RevMate® of version 5.2 started. In the view of implement RevMate® as strict “risk minimization activities” to prevent pregnant women from exposure, we will continue to solve each problem recognized from the actual operation, constantly keep basics in mind by providing necessary training to our employees about thalidomide drug problem etc. In addition, we appreciate the understanding and support from the patient, patient family, Healthcare Professional, etc. involved in this procedure without incompleteness as well as non-compliance with procedures caused by habituation. Including all these, we consider it is important to endeavor as a manufacture continuously in the future.
7.The Effect of Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae Inoculations on the Formation of Non-conductive Sapwood of Quercus mongolica.
Masato TORII ; Yosuke MATSUDA ; Sang Tae SEO ; Kyung Hee KIM ; Shin Ichiro ITO ; Myung Jin MOON ; Seong Hwan KIM ; Toshihiro YAMADA
Mycobiology 2014;42(2):210-214
In Korea, mass mortality of Quercus mongolica trees has become obvious since 2004. Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae is believed to be a causal fungus contributing the mortality. To evaluate the pathogenicity of the fungus to the trees, the fungus was multiple- and single-inoculated to the seedlings and twigs of the mature trees, respectively. In both the inoculations, the fungus was reisolated from more than 50% of inoculated twigs and seedlings. In the single inoculations, proportions of the transverse area of non-conductive sapwood at inoculation points and vertical lengths of discoloration expanded from the points were significantly different between the inoculation treatment and the control. In the multiple inoculations, no mortality was confirmed among the seedlings examined. These results showed that R. quercus-mongolicae can colonize sapwood, contribute to sapwood discoloration and disrupt sap flows around inoculation sites of Q. mongolica, although the pathogenicity of the fungus was not proven.
Colon
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Fungi
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Korea
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Mortality
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Quercus*
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Seedlings
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Trees
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Virulence
8.Clinical Features and Surgical Outcomes of Lower Lumbar Osteoporotic Vertebral Collapse with Symptomatic Stenosis: A Surgical Strategy from a Multicenter Case Series
Takayoshi SHIMIZU ; Shunsuke FUJIBAYASHI ; Soichiro MASUDA ; Hiroaki KIMURA ; Tatsuya ISHIBE ; Masato OTA ; Yasuyuki TAMAKI ; Eijiro ONISHI ; Hideo ITO ; Bungo OTSUKI ; Koichi MURATA ; Shuichi MATSUDA
Asian Spine Journal 2022;16(6):906-917
Methods:
We investigated patients who underwent surgical intervention for LL-OVC (L3, L4, and/or L5) with symptomatic foraminal and/or central stenosis from eight spine centers. Only patients with a minimum follow-up duration of 1 year were included. We developed new criteria to grade vertebral collapse severity (grade 1, 0%–25%; grade 2, 25%–50%; grade 3, 50%–75%; and grade 4, 75%–100%). The clinical features and outcomes were compared based on the collapse grade and surgical procedures performed (i.e., decompression alone, posterior lateral fusion [PLF], lateral interbody fusion [LIF], posterior/transforaminal interbody fusion [PLIF/TLIF], or vertebral column resection [VCR]).
Results:
In this study, 59 patients (average age, 77.4 years) were included. The average follow-up period was 24.6 months. The clinical outcome score (Japanese Orthopaedic Association score) was more favorable in the LIF and PLIF/TLIF groups than in the decompression alone, PLF, and VCR groups. The use of VCR was associated with a high rate of revision surgery (57.1%). No significant difference in clinical outcomes was observed between the collapse grades; however, grade 4 collapse was associated with a high rate of revision surgery (40.0%).
Conclusions
When treating LL-OVC, appropriate instrumented reconstruction with rigid intervertebral stability is necessary. According to our newly developed criteria, LIF may be a surgical option for any collapse grade. The use of VCR for grade 4 collapse is associated with a high rate of revision.
9.A Case of Commando Procedure for Paravalvular Leakage after Redo Aortic Valve Replacement and Mitral Valve Replacement
Ryo TAKAYANAGI ; Masato SUZUKI ; Shun WATANABE ; Shunsuke OHHORI ; Ryo SUZUKI ; Kiyotaka MORIMOTO ; Hideo YOKOYAMA ; Toshiro ITO
Japanese Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2022;51(6):354-358
A 76-year-old female was admitted with complaints of dyspnea on exertion and lower leg edema. She had undergone an aortic valve replacement thirty-nine years before and a redo aortic valve replacement and mitral valve replacement twenty-eight years before. She also had hemolytic anemia with jaundice. Echocardiography showed severe paravalvular leakage in the aortic and mitral valves, and a blood flow in the aortic annulus that flows from the aortic side into the left atrium. We diagnosed heart failure and hemolytic anemia due to paravalvular leakage and decided to perform a double-valve replacement for the third time. On operation, after removing the aortic valve through aortotomy, aorto- mitral fibrous continuity was extensively calcified and perforated, and its strength was not enough to sew the prosthetic valve to it. Therefore, we decided to perform the Commando procedure. Aortotomy was extended between the noncoronary aortic sinus and the left coronary aortic sinus until it reached the dome of the left atrium. After the prosthetic mitral valve was excised, annuloplasty of the posterior mitral annulus was performed using a bovine pericardial patch, and the new prosthesis mitral valve was implanted. The anterior part of the annulus corresponding to the aorto-mitral fibrous continuity was reconstructed by sewing the base of a two-tongued triangular bovine pericardial patch to the sewing cuff of the mitral prosthesis. After closing the left atrial ceiling with the posterior patch, the aortic prosthesis was secured to the aortic annulus and the pericardial patch. The anterior patch was used to close the right side of the aortotomy. The postoperative course was uneventful, and postoperative echocardiography revealed no paravalvular leakage.
10.Epicardial Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia by Re-median Sternotomy in a Patient with Double Mechanical Heart Valves
Masato SUZUKI ; Yohei OHKAWA ; Hideo YOKOYAMA ; Toshiro ITO ; Kiyotaka MORIMOTO ; Shunsuke OHORI
Japanese Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2021;50(3):174-177
The patient is a 39-year-old-man who had rheumatic heart disease and had undergone mitral and aortic valve replacements with mechanical St. Jude prostheses as well as tricuspid valve repair and a MAZE procedure 17 years previously. He was admitted with ventricular tachycardia (VT) and an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) was implanted. Four months later, he was admitted again with VT, and attempts to manage the VT with drugs were not successful. We performed electro-anatomical mapping and ablation for VT by re-median sternotomy. His postoperative course was uneventful. At 15 months after surgery, no recurrence of VT was recognized.