Introduction: Kobe University Hospital’s faculty development workshop was unattractive, and people attended it passively.
Methods: We attempted to improve the workshop so that faculty would want to attend it independently and proactively. In this report we summarize the changes in the workshop and report the results of questionnaires administered before （2008） and after （2012） the change.
Results: Overall contents of the faculty development workshop became more open, and such practices as the Kawakita Jiro method stopped being used. Overall scores for participant satisfaction improved significantly from 2008 to 2012, but the duration of the workshop did not change significantly.
Discussion: We improved the quality of the faculty development workshop and increased participant satisfaction. We should continue to improve the workshop through proper assessment.

　Few studies have examined medical students' perceptions of community medicine and specialty choice through comparison between students of quotas related to community medicine and regular admission. We conducted a questionnaire survey on students' desire for future work places, types of health facility/hospital, medical specialization, and community medicine involving year 1 to year 5 students in Gifu University School of Medicine (n=335, selective admission: regular admission=81:254) . This study demonstrated that the selected students for community medicine (years 1 to 5) preferred to work at a core/small-sized hospital in a rural area and tended to choose the specialties that were characterized by primary care, such as pediatrics. Moreover, they had positive perceptions of community medicine. Further follow-up study needs to be undertaken in order to explore how students are actually engaging in community medicine after graduation.

Normal human development requires the precise functioning and coordination of many complex pathways. Abnormalities in these signaling cascades often result in developmental perturbations, giving rise to congenital anomalies and cancers. There are 21,787 genes in each human nucleus, different gene subsets are expressed in different cell types, and different gene networks make different signal cascades. Among a large number of genes, in this review, we describe signaling disorders of sonic hedgehog and its receptor, patched-1; Tie2; fibroblast growth factor receptor in craniofacial anomalies and oral cancers.