Objective To research the resilience and related factors of the rescue soldiers. Methods Resilience Scale for Adults( RSA ), Self-report Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) and Coping Style Questionnaire were applied in this survey to 1401 rescue soldiers. Results ①The soldiers' resilience score was (2.49±0.57) ,significantly lower than college students( t= 16.619, P=0. 000).The rescue soldiers with the year in army above 3 were significantly higher than that below 2 years in social competence( t=2.581, P=0.01 ) ,social resources( t=2. 158, P=0.031 ) ,structured style( t=3.254, P=0.001 ) and RSA scores(t=2.455, P=0.014). There exist significantly differences in various education level of the rescue soldiers in perception of self(t=3.732, P=0.024), planned of future ( t = 9.324, P = 0.000 ) , social competence ( t = 8. 838, P = 0.000 ), social resources ( t = 13. 660, P = 0. 000 ) and RSA scores (t=9.805, P=0.000) , and college ≥ senior high school ≥ junior high school. ②Compared to the lower group in the RSA, the higher group scored significantly higher in extraversion (t=16. 204, P=0.000) and positive coping( t = - 18. 171, P=0.000), while lower in SCL-90 (t=8.461, P=0.000) and neuroticism (t=8.833, P=0.000 ).③Resilience have the obvious positive correlation with the education ( r= 0. 116 ), extraversion ( r= 0. 463 ) and positive coping(r=0.500) ,and negative correlation with the neuroticism(r=-0.251 ) and SCL-90( r= -0.260). It can be assumed that positive coping,extraversion and neuroticism had good predictive ability(35.9％) to resilience. Conclusion The rescue soldiers have low resilience than college students, positive coping, extraversion, and neuroticism are important psychological factors for rescue soldiers.