Cultivation of scientific research ability for postgraduates in neurosurgery department find expression in morality education, scientific spirit culture, scientific research objective propagan-da, review writing, data analysis and thesis writing, etc. Cultivation of scientific research ability and cultivation of clinical skill supplement each other and both can improve the research ability of post-graduates in neurosurgery department.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of high-dose methylprednisolone pulse treatment on peritumoral edema induced by supratentorial brain tumors.Methods Thirty-five patients with supratentorial brain tumors and peritumoral edema were treated with methylprednisolone pulse therapy before surgery and the edema index of every patient was calculated by MRI examinations before and after methylprednisolone treatment.Results After methylprednisolone pulse therapy, the edema indexes of the light, medium and severe edema patients reduced by 1.79%, 8.81% and 12.02% respectively. The edema indexes of the medium and serious patients were significantly lower than that before treatment ( P<0.01). But the edema index of the light edema patients was not significantly different with that before treatment ( P>0.05).Conclusion High-dose methylprednisolone pulse therapy has an obvious effect on medium and serious peritumoral edema induced by supratentorial brain tumors and has no serious adverse reactions.

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) in the surgical treatment of cerebral gliomas.MethodsThirty patients with primary supratentorial gliomas underwent microsurgery guided by intraoperative real-time ultrasound, IOUS was utilized for localization and delineation of the tumor as well as determination of the extent of resection.ResultsAll of 30 lesions were accurately defined by IOUS due to the distinct echogenicity compared with the normal brain. Solid low grade gliomas tended to be well circumscribed with regular sulcus, while central necrosis was most commonly present with malignant gliomas. Complete tumor extirpation was achieved by IOUS guidance in this group. Two patients exhibited mild neurological deficit following the surgery.ConclusionIOUS may provide valuable real-time information and facilitate effectual surgery with accuracy for the cerebral gliomas.

Objective To investigate the characteristics,treatment and prognosis of supratentorial parenchymal ependymomas(SPEs).Methods 16 cases with SPEs determined with pathology were reported.Results and Conclusion SPEs appears some figures different from other cerebral tumors.Surgery and radiotherapy can result in satisfied outcome.

Objective To analyze and explore the clinical characterizations, treatment and prognosis of central neurocytoma (CNC).Methods The data of 62 cases of CNC from Jan 1995 to Jan 2008 confirmed by pathological examinations and underwent surgical treatment were analyzed retrospectively.Results CNC appeared some radiological figures.Conclusion Surgical resection with the help of post-operative radiotherapy can result in satisfied outcomes.

Objective To discuss the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of pseudotumor forms of demyelinating diseases. Methods 21 patients with pseudotumor forms of demyelinating diseases diagnosed pathologically were analyzed retrospectively. Results 16 cases were operated on. The lesions were established through biopsy in other 5 patients. All the patients improved significantly after corticosteroid therapy. 4 patients relapsed after treatment, and 1 patient died. Conclusion The feature of pseudotumor forms of demyelinating disease is similar to some kinds of intracranial tumors, however it presents some radiological characteristics. Diagnostic corticoid therapy may be helpful to draw a diagnosis.

Objective To determine the immune responses induced by recombinant Salmonella ty-phimurium expressing the secreting antigen ESAT-6 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods ESAT-6 cod-ing gene was cloned and identified by PCR and sequencing. Prokaryotic expression plasmid pYA33-esat car-rying the ESAT-6 coding sequence was constructed firstly and electro-transformed into an attenuated strain X4550 of Salmonella typhimurium, the recombinant bacteria was named as X4550(33-esat). C57BL/6 mice were immunized intranasally (I. N) with 108 CFU recombinant bacteria at day 0 and 18. Cells from spleen, lung, mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and Peyer's patch (PP) were collected from mice after second immu-nization, and the specific IFN-γ-secreting cells and IL-4-secreting cells were detected by ELISPOT assay u-sing ESAT-6 peptide as stimulus. Furthermore, CTL effects were in vivo evaluated by CFSE assay. Results The results showed that cellular immune responses specific for ESAT-6 could be detected by ELISPOT assay. In lung and PP cells, immune responses against ESAT-6 were biased toward Th1 type, the frequency of IFN-γ-secreting cells was much higher than that of IL-4-secreting cells. In splenocytes and MLN cells, the anti-gen specific immune responses acted as Thl and Th2 balance, the frequency of IFN-γ-secreting cells was close to that of IL-4-secreting cells. CFSE assay indicated that recombinant bacteria could induce the high level of CTL effects specific for ESAT-6 peptide. Conclusion These results suggested that recombinant Sal-monella typhimurium X4550(33-esat) not only can induce cellular immune responses, but also can elicit specific CTL responses after I. N immunization. It also provided the useful information for the control of infec-tious disease of tuberculosis.

Antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has entered the era of direct antiviral agent (DAA), and up to 95% of patients could be clinically cured. Under this circumstance, HCV infection has gradually changed from relative contraindication to surgical indication for kidney transplantation. However, at present, the number of kidney transplantation from HCV-infected donors or recipients has been rarely reported in China. The short-term follow-up data of HCV-negative recipients undergoing kidney transplantation from HCV-positive renal allografts in other countries have confirmed that DAA yields high cure rate and safety in the treatment of HCV infection, and recipients could obtain favorable short-term survival and allograft outcome. However, the long-term safety of HCV-infected kidney transplantation remains to be validated by clinical trials with large sample size and long-term follow-up. In this article, the virological clearance, allograft outcome and safety of DAA use in HCV-negative recipients undergoing kidney transplantation from HCV-positive renal allografts under the intervention of DAA were investigated, aiming to evaluate clinical safety and efficacy of this pattern of kidney transplantation and deepen the understanding of safe use of HCV-positive organs.

Flagellin can be expressed in monomeric or polymeric form based on assembly. The difference of these two forms of flagellin is less studied. In this experiment, recombinant plasmid pET-fliC/M2e2 was transferred into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and Salmonella SL5928 to express chimeric flagellin, mfliC/M and pfliC/M, respectively, and then their assembly characteristics were analyzed. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis results indicated that the two recombinant bacteria could successfully express chimeric flagellin. The transmission electronic microscope observation showed that no flagella were found on the surface of recombinant E. coli, whereas it was found for recombinant Salmonella. After purification, distinct circular dichroism spectra between them were found and pfliC/M showed the similar structure as wild-type flagellin, but not for mfliC/M. The dynamic light scattering assay also indicated that the polymerization of mfliC/M was much lower than that for pfliC/M. Three hours after transfection into mouse peritoneal macrophages, both could induce interleukin 1β secretion, but mfliC/M is stronger than pfliC/M. These data will be helpful for the selection of expression form of flagellin.