There is a very serious logical contradiction among the basic conceptions in Chinese medicine such as syndrome,symptoms and signs,pathogens and pathogenesis.And the situation get worse after the new conceptions melt in,which include key pattern elements,syndrome pattern,pattern,pattern of syndrome differentiation and so on.It is urgent and necessary for signifi cant and basic Chinese medicine research that we should unify,normalize and purify the basic conceptions in Chinese medicine,by merging,accepting and rejecting of the conceptions or the terms concerned on the basis of the defi nition of the connotation anew.

Differentiation of syndromes by zang-fu viscera is the core of syndrome differentiation of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The logical contradiction which is very difficult to be solved due to the same-position relationship,cause-result relationship and subordinate relationship between the various zang-fu viscera syndromes,however,often lead to a relatively serious side effect on the system of syndrome differentiation in clinic.The aim of this paper is to reveal the logical contradictory relationship between the zangfu viscera syndromes,to invite the scientific field to pay attention on the problem and solve it.

This study took herbal medicinePoria cocosas an example to establish a method to explore the potential function of herbal medicine. And then, the new function was identified through the systematic study. It was able to improve the application range of herbal medicine and the clinical therapeutic effects. The established database management system ofPu-Ji-Fanghad been used for the searching ofPoria cocosin the treatment of different diseases in order to receive the compound prescription containedPoria cocos in different diseases. Then, indications recorded in herbalism literatures through dynasties and thePharmacopoeia of People’s Republic of China(Chinese Pharmacopoeia) were compared. Through statistical analysis and logical judgment, as well as the combination of modern pharmacological research results and clinical therapeutic evaluations, the overall understanding on conventional and potential functions ofPoria cocos were received. The results showed that the functions ofPoria cocos summarized through dynasties contained alleviating thirst, eliminating phlegm, enhancing memory, astringent, relieving cough and vomiting, invigorating blood circulation, promoting appetite and securing fetus, as well as treatment of deficiency, vomiting, stroke, diabetes, cough, cold damage syndrome, convulsion and other syndrome, were not recorded in theChinese Pharmacopoeia. It was concluded that tonifying kidney, relieving cough and phlegm, relieving vomiting, alleviating thirst, expelling wind, relieving convulsion and securing fetus were the potential function ofPoria cocos, which should arouse the attention from the academic community.

Objective:To approach the potential rules ofsyndrome differentiation and medication for diabetes by ancient medical scholars.Methods:By DBMS(Data Base Management System) ofPuji Fang, the information about diabetes and its correlated disease was collected, such as kinds ofthe drugs, application times ofdrugs and the number ofprescription.The qualitative analysis and quantitive analysis were used to ascertain the optimal and common used drugs and pairs ofdrugs for diabetes, and to deduce the potential indication ofdiabetes in ancient times.Results:The most optimal drugs used for diabetes in ancient times were DwarfLilyturfTuber, trichosanthis, Ginseng and Indian Bread.The common used pairs ofdrugs were DwarfLilyturfTuber and trichosanthis, DwarfLilyturfTuber and Ginseng, trichosanthis and Golden Thread, Ginseng and Indian Bread.So we can deduce that the potential indications ofdiabetes were impairment ofbody fluid by dry and heat, and deficiency ofboth qi and yin.Conclusion:By integrated logic analysis and statistical analysis, we can reveal the ancient treatment rule ofthe disease and it provided reference for clinic today.

To compare herbalogy literature through the ages, ancient prescription literature, modern national pharmacopoeia and modern Chinese materia medica, we can confirm that the core of the traditional functions about atractylodes macrocephala have been recorded in modern national pharmacopoeia and Chinese materia medica. But atractylodes macrocephala's effects in treating anemofrigid-damp arthralgia, vomit, abdominal crymodynia, hypochondnrium or abdominal mass, chills and fever, all anemo-illness, dead muscle, gastric heat, spasm, jaundice, violent pathogenic wind, headache, five kinds of strain and seven impairments, therm-disease, epidemic pathogenic factors from mountains, knob and boss, agerasia and so on, were not included nowadays. By analysing the syndrome of the compatibility in ancient prescriptions including atractylodes macrocephala, some functions can be extracted, such as eliminating fever, calming down wind and stopping spasm, stopping cough, stopping wheez, calming the nerves, stopping bleeding, alleviating pain, promoting the production of body fluid. Whether atractylodes macrocephala has those functions need to be confirmed through empirical study and clinical research.

There was severe logical contradiction among the basic concepts in Chinese medicine such as syndrome, symptoms and signs, etiopathogenisis and pathogenesis .In this paper, from the comparative reseaech of the different versions of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) used in higher colleges and universities of TCM in recent 50 years,higher Colleges of Chinese medicine materials, it cleared up the evolution of the basic connotation of syndrome, symptoms and signs, pathogens and pathogenesis, and revealed fundamental reason for the occurance of logical contradiction.

Pathogenesis theory occupies an important position in TCM theoretical system. Suwen is the pioneer. Enriched by later generations,the traditional pathogenesis has been a significant change. It causes understandable bias to their initial implications and affects modern research. In this paper,based on Suwen's academic background,it discusses the composition,completeness and the basis to confirm Pathogenesis 19,offering some new ideas.

"Four properties" of Chinese herb is the core content of drug property theory.Modern research on function and substantial property of "four property" has poor progress because there has di erent cognitions,ideas and methods.In this paper,main problems of "four property" are expounded through seven aspects,meanwhile,optional ideas and methods are proposed.

According to seven features of compatibility in preface of fragment of Bencaojing Jizhu(Annotation of Materia Medica),Qianjin Yaofang(Valuable Prescriptions for emergencies) and Zhenglei Bencao(Classi ed Materia Medica),the di erences among these three books and the transformation of seven features of compatibility are investigated.The results show that the number of traditional Chinese drugs which are related to seven features of compatibility in these three books is not the same,but the xed number is 197.Before the Song Dynasty,141 traditional Chinese drugs,relating to restriction,mutual inhibition,subjugation and assistance,were not added in Bencaojing Jizhu,while 55 were added.By making use of Jiayou Bencao(Materia Medica of Jia You Reign),Zhenglei Bencao added 34 traditional Chinese drugs which are related to restriction,mutual inhibition,subjugation and assistance,in fact 35 traditional Chinese drugs were added.Approximately 10 herbological books,such as Yao Dui and Tang Bencao(Newly-Revised Materia Medica),took part in the spread of seven features of compatibility.The quantity,name,classi cation and content of restriction,mutual inhibition,subjugation and assistance between Qianjin Yaofang and Zhenglei Bencao are similar,the fragment of Bencaojing Jizhu has great di erence between Qianjin Yaofang and Zhenglei Bencao.The classi cation of seven features of compatibility of traditional Chinese drugs in those three books obey their own systems,among which the fragment of Bencaojing Jizhu adopts the three rank classi cation methods,the others incline to be rationalized and detailed.This research is valuable for compiling the early herbology and discussing the compatibility theory of traditional Chinese drugs.

Itis confirmed that the core part of traditional functions of gentian is consistent with the record in Pharmacopoeia by comparison the gentian function recorded in ancient literatures, prescription andPharmacopoeia. We found some functions and disease treatments by gentian were not recorded by Pharmacopoeia. These functions summarized by ancient literatures included heat-clearing and detoxifying, eliminate rickets, tranquilizing, cooling blood and hemostasis and chlordimeform. And inPuji Prescriptions database those disease treatments by gentian included sore, rickets, feeling uneasy, seizures and bleeding. By analyzing the literature and combination with the results of modern pharmacology and clinical medicine research, it is believed that the potential functions of gentian are heat-clearing and detoxifying, rickets eliminating, tranquilizing, blood cooling and hemostasis and chlordimeform.