Objective To explore the characteristics of the bus explosion wounds and their first aid and treatment. Methods The conditions of the 87 victims of two bus explosions and their treatments were analyzed retrospectively. Results Of the 87 victims, 9 died on the spot, 3 died on their way to the hospital, 18 were treated in the outpatient department and discharged after observation for several days, and 57 received hospitalization treatment. All the patients were discharged with full recovery except that 2 with bone defects in 3 limbs had to receive secondary bone transplantation and 2 with tibial nerve injury had to receive secondary nerve plerosis. Conclusions The conditions of victims of the bus explosion are usually severe and complicated. The majority of the patients present compound wounds with high mortality. Pre hospital first aid and classification of the patients should be made properly before the patients are referred to the hospital in batches. Treatment should be arranged in order of severity and urgency.

Objective To investigate the role of externally regulated kinase (ERK) in a rat model of levodopa-induced motor complications. Methods The hemi-parkinsonian rat model was produced by injecting stereotaxically 6-OHDA to right medial forebrain bundle(MFB). First, rats were intraperitoneally treated with levodopa (50 mg/kg with benserazide 12.5 mg/kg, twice daily) for 22 days. On day 23, rats were treated with ERK inhibitor, PD98059 before levodopa administration. Rotational duration and peak rotation were estimated. After sacrificed, ERK1/2 phosphorylation was observed by Western blot. Results Our study showed that chronic treatment of lesioned rats with levodopa markedly upregulated the ERK1/2 phosphorylation of in lesioned striatum(155.6%±6.5%). PD98059 could reduce hyperphosphorylation of ERK1/2(85.4%±5.6%). Meanwhile, PD98059 reversed both the shortened rotational duration and increased peak rotation induced by chronic levodopa treatment. Moreover, PKC inhibitor could partly downregulated the ERK1/2 phosphorylation(101.2%±6.2%, compared with levodopa+vehide, t=3.2, P<0.05). Conclusions These results indicated that the development of motor complications could be associated with activation of ERK pathway. And more, activation of ERK was partly dependent on PKC. Pharmaceuticals which act to inhibit ERK pathway may be useful in the treatment of parkinsonism related motor complications.

Objective To investigate cellular and behavioral effects of adenosine A2A receptor antagonist in a rat model of levodopa-induced motor complications.Methods The hemi-parkinsonian rat model was produced by stereotaxically injecting 6-OHDA to right medial forebmin bundle(MFB).Animals were intraperitoneally treated with levodopa 50 mg/kg plus benserazide 12.5 mg/kg twice a day for 22 days levodopa + vehicle.Rotational duration was estimated.After they were sacrificed,the expression of adenosine A2A receptor was observed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results CSC,reversing the shortened rotational duration induced by levodopa,prolonged the rotational duration.This effect was maintained fil the end of the treatment.The chronic levedopa treatment induced an upregulation of adenosine A2A receptor expression in the lesioned striatum (IOD,(11.55±2.75)×104).The subsequent CSC treatment decreased the adenosine A2A receptor expression to the level of control (IOD,(6.02±1.29)× 104) and PD group (IOD,(5.60±1.83)×104>,F=33.31,P<0.05).Conclusion These results suggest that adenosine A2A receptor is probably involved in the development of levodopa induced motor complications and adenosine A2A receptor antagonist could be useful in the treatment of motor comphcations in parkinsonian patients.

Objective To investigate the alteration of phosphorylated GluR1Ser831 and behavioural effects in a rat model of levodopa-induced motor complications after Ca2 +/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CaMKⅡ) inhibitor KN-93 treatment. Methods The hemi-parkinsonian rat model was produced by injecting stereotaxically 6-OHDA to right medial forebrain bundle. Then, rats were intraperitoneally treated with levodopa ( 50 mg/kg with benserazide 12.5 mg/kg,twice daily) for 22 days. On day 23 ,rats received KN-93 before levodopa administration. Rotational duration was estimated. After sacrificed, subcellualr distribution of GluR1 and phosphorylated GluR1Ser831 were observed by western blot. Results The study showed that CaMKⅡ inhibitor KN-93 prolonged rotational duration. Moreover, KN-93 could regulate subcellular distribution of GluR1 and reduce hyperphosphorylation of GluR1 Ser831, which was closely associated with levodopa-induced motor complications. The expression of membrane GluR1 and phosphorylated GluR1Ser831 was (83.4 ±4.2)% and (47.2 ±5.2)% ,respectively. Conclusions These results indicated that activation of CaMKⅡ contributed to development of motor complications, through a mechanism that involved an increase in phosphorylated GluR1 Ser831. Pharmaceuticals which act to inhibit CaMKⅡ may be useful in the treatment of the motor complications in parkinsonian patients.

Objective To explore the relationship between motor complications of Parkinson's disease(PD)with chronic L-dopa treatment and striatal phosphorylated GluR1Ser845.Methods The hemi-parkinsonian rat model was produced by injecting stereotaxically 6-OHDA to right medial forebrain bundle(MFB).Then the hemi-parkinsonian rat was treated intraperitoneally with L-dopa methylester(25 mg?kg-1?d-1,twice one day)for 22 days and rotational duration and frequency of off period were respectively estimated.After they were sacrificed,their subcellualr distribution of GluR1 and GluR1Ser845 phosphorylation was observed with immunofluorescence and Western blot.Results After the chronic treatment with L-dopa methylester,PD rats displayed shortened rotational duration and increased frequency of off period,which was similar to fluctuations of the symptoms and on-off phenomenon in PD patients.In the lesioned striatum of PD rats,the amount of GluR1 and phosphorylated GluR1Ser845 in striatal membrane was reduced to 73.0%?4.8% and 42.0%?5.6%,respectively,compared with those non-lesioned.After chronic treatment of PD rats with L-dopa,the amount of GluR1 and phosphorylated GluR1Ser845 in striatal membranes were increased to 104.0%?5.5% and 112.0%?3.4%.These unique changes occurred only in parvalbumin-positive interneurons.Conclusions These findings suggest that subcellular distribution and phosphorylation state of GluR1Ser845 in parvalbumin-positive interneurons may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of motor complications of chronic L-dopa treatment for PD.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of dead HIV/AIDS cases within 1 year after confirmatory testing in Jingzhou City, Hubei Province from 1996 to 2021, so as to provide the evidence for facilitating early identification and treatment of AIDS. Methods: The basic and follow-up data of HIV/AIDS cases were retrieved from the HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and mortality density and its trend were evaluated within 1 year after confirmatory testing. The factors affecting death within 1 year after confirmatory testing were identified using a Cox proportional hazards model, and the demographics, detection, treatment and cause of death were analyzed among dead HIV/AIDS cases within 1 year after confirmatory testing. Results: A total of 3 304 HIV/AIDS cases were included, with 508 deaths within 1 year after confirmatory testing. The overall mortality density was 17.43 per 100 person-years, and the mortality density appeared a tendency towards a reduction from 1996 to 2021 (χ2trend=21.053, P<0.001). Of all dead HIV/AIDS cases within 1 year after confirmatory testing, 77.76% were men, 67.72% at ages of 45 years and older, 83.86% with transmission by heterosexual contact, 83.66% identified in medical institutions, 62.20% without antiretroviral therapy, and 47.83% without detection of CD4+T cell count. Mortality that was not associated with AIDS was the predominant cause of death among dead HIV/AIDS cases within 1 year after confirmatory testing (58.86%). Age of 30 years and older (HR: 1.781-4.644, 95%CI: 1.073-7.784), identification in medical institutions (HR=2.130, 95%CI: 1.306-4.474), initial CD4+T cell count of <200 cells/μL (HR: 2.649-12.879, 95%CI: 1.669-19.189), no antiretroviral therapy (HR=7.945, 95%CI: 5.743-10.993) and initiation of antiretroviral therapy 4 to 12 months after confirmatory testing (HR=1.636, 95%CI: 1.005-2.662) resulted in a higher risk of mortality within 1 year after confirmatory testing. Conclusions The mortality density appeared a tendency towards a reduction among cases within 1 year after confirmatory testing in Jingzhou City from 1996 to 2021. Mortality within 1 year after confirmatory testing was associated with advanced age, heterosexual contact transmission, identification in medical institutions, low CD4+T cell counts, and delay or absence of antiretroviral therapy.

Objective: To investigate the trend in incidence of hepatitis C in Jingzhou City, Hubei Province from 2008 to 2022, and to examine the age-period-cohort effect, so as to provide the basis for the formulation of hepatitis C prevention strategies. Methods: Demographic data and incidence data of hepatitis C in Jingzhou City from 2008 to 2022 were collected through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and the trend in incidence of hepatitis C was analyzed using average annual percent change (AAPC) and annual percent change (APC). The effects of age, period and cohort on the incidence of hepatitis C were examined with an age-period-cohort model. Results: The average annual incidence of hepatitis C in Jingzhou City from 2008 and 2022 was 20.26/105, with a male incidence of 20.04/105 and a female incidence of 20.47/105. The incidence of hepatitis C initially rose and then fell (AAPC=5.375%, P<0.05), with a rising trend from 2008 to 2018 (APC=13.370%, P<0.05) and a decreasing trend from 2018 to 2022 (APC=-12.231%, P<0.05). The incidence of hepatitis C appeared a tendency towards a rise with age, and the 80-84 age group had the highest risk (RR=11.420, 95%CI: 7.631-17.090) in relative to the 45-49 age group. The incidence of hepatitis C appeared a tendency towards a rise followed by a decline with time, and an increased risk of hepatitis C was seen from 2013 to 2017 (RR=1.393, 95%CI: 1.272-1.525) and a decreased risk was seen from 2018 to 2022 (RR=1.237, 95%CI: 1.072-1.428) in relative to the period from 2008 to 2012. The incidence of hepatitis C appeared a tendency towards a rise followed by a decline with the cohort, and a higher risk was found in the 1965-1984 cohort (all RR>1.300) in relative to the 1960-1964 cohort. The incidence of hepatitis C, the age and period effects in men and women, and the cohort effects in men were consistent with the whole population. In addition to the 1965-1984 cohort, a higher risk was found in the 2000-2014 cohort in women (all RR>1.250). Conclusions From 2008 to 2022, the incidence of hepatitis C in Jingzhou City experienced a notable rise and subsequent decline. The incidence of hepatitis C increased with age, with higher risks seen among middle-aged and elderly people.

Objective:To investigate the significance of serum glycocholic acid (CG), total bile acid (TBA), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the transformation of fatty liver to liver cancer and their relationship with the body′s glucose and lipid metabolism.Methods:From May 2018 to August 2020, 96 patients with fatty liver (fatty liver group), 96 patients with liver cirrhosis (cirrhosis group) and 96 patients with liver cancer (liver cancer group) admitted to Jintang Hospital of West China Hospital of Sichuan University were selected. Ninety-six healthy physical examination patients were selected during the same period as the normal control group. Compared the general information, serum CG, TBA, GLP-1, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c), triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels of each group. The correlation between serum CG, TBA, GLP-1 levels and the body′s glucose and lipid metabolism indicators were analyzed by Pearson correlation. The correlation between serum CG, TBA, GLP-1 and clinical stage were analyzed. Results:The levels of serum CG, TBA, GLP-1, and HbA 1c in the fatty liver group, cirrhosis group, liver cancer group were higher than those in the normal control group: (3.57 ± 1.06), (22.17 ± 8.44),(31.44 ± 9.65) mg/L vs. (1.26 ± 0.78) mg/L; (5.94 ± 1.26), (12.34 ± 4.02), (20.65 ± 5.17) μmol/L vs. (2.87 ± 0.59) μmol/L; (8.34 ± 1.55), (11.69 ± 3.26), (17.84 ± 2.78) pmol/L vs. (6.68 ± 1.24) pmol/L; (5.52 ± 0.31)%, (5.89 ± 0.27)%, (6.11 ± 0.23)% vs. (5.11 ± 0.36)%, and with the progression of the disease, the levels showed a rising trend, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The levels of TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C in the cirrhosis group and liver cancer group were lower than those in the normal control group and fatty liver group, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The results of correlation analysis showed that serum CG, TBA, GLP-1 were positively correlated with HbA 1c ( P<0.05), and serum CG, TBA, GLP-1 were negatively correlated with TG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C ( P<0.05). With the increase of clinical stage, serum CG and TBA levels showed an increasing trend ( P<0.05). Conclusions:With the transformation of fatty liver to liver cancer, serum CG, TBA, and GLP-1 levels increase, and the change trend is closely related to the body′s glucose and lipid metabolism, which can provide a reference for the clinical improvement of fatty liver outcome evaluation mechanism.