Objective To compare and analyze of three therapeutic schemes for type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM ) using the cost-effectiveness .Methods Using the basic idea of pharmacoeconomics evaluate cost-effect analysis method for three therapeutic schemes(oral glucose-lowering drugs ,oral glucose-lowering drugs + insulin injection one time ,oral glucose-lowering drugs + insu-lin injection twice) .Results The three therapeutic schemes average cost of arrived to 827 .30 yuan/3 months ,1 714 .50 yuan/3 months and 1 087 .50 yuan/3 months ,respectively(P=0 .00);the efficiency of control fasting blood glucose were 56 .51% ,51 .69%and 57 .04% ,respectively (P=0 .754);the efficiency of control 2 h postprandial blood glucose were 50 .56% ,40 .68% and 55 .63% , respectively (P=0 .097);the cost-effectiveness ratio of fasting blood glucose were 14 .64 ,33 .17 and 19 .06 ,respectively ;the cost-ef-fectiveness ratio of 2 h postprandial blood sugar were 16 .36 ,42 .15 and 19 .55 ,respectively .For the oral glucose-lowering drugs group as reference ,the cost-effective ratioscost of control fasting blood glucose and control 2 h postprandial blood glucose were -184 .4 and -89 .8 for oral glucose-lowering drugs + insulin injection one time ,respectively ;the cost-effective ratioscost of control fasting blood glucose and control 2 h postprandial blood glucose were 484 .8 and 51 .26 for oral glucose-lowering drugs + insulin in-jection twice ,respectively .Conclusion According to the principles of economics ,oral medication has the highest cost-effectiveness ratio in the treatment for T 2DM ,and oral medication + insulin injection twice has better therapeutic efficacy .

Based on the idea of science, feasibility, development and characteristics; and the poli-cies or regulations of our country, we try to discourse the dynamic assessment system of clinical medicine master degree tutors from the assessment aim, assessment objects, annual evaluation, assessment content, assessment indicators and scoring criteria, and the results of the assessment and treatment. We hope our works can provide some constructive insights for the construction and development of dynamic assessment system on tutors.

Bioinformatics is a new field of biomedical science which based on biological,information technology to storage,retrieval and analysis the biological data.This emerging subject is important for the improvements of scientific ideas and ability of biomedical graduate students.Based on the medical background and future study of the graduate students,it is a key point that how to performing the teaching work in accordance with the student's aptitude.To promote the level of bioinformatics course and enrich the theory knowledge and ability of practice of the medical graduate students,we discuss three relate issues such as the content of courses,teaching term and teaching model in this paper.

Using content analysis method based on word frequency analysis,this paper defines and analyzes the status and development of Information Ethics research in China,and pays attention to the effects of information ethics on the clinical pharmacy.

OBJECTIVE：To study the anti-asthmatic effects of artesunate on the durg-induced asthmat.METHOD:Drug-induced asthmatic model of guinea-pig. RESULTS:Using nubilous inhalation or intragastric administration,artesunate significantly inhibited the guinea-pig model asthma in a dose-dependent manner.It's ED50 were (99.95±7.69)mg.L-1(n=4) and (15.64±1.25)mg.kg-1.d-1(n=4) respectively. CONCLUSION:artesunate showed anti-athmatic effect in guinea-pig asthmatic model.

Recently, Clinical pharmacy becomes a new specialty of higher education in China. Therefore, building clinical pharmacy teaching quality monitoring system (CPTQMS) is very important not only for improving the teaching quality but also for training inter-disciplinary talents. We try to discuss the connotation and practice of CPTQMS from the objectives, measures and information system. We hope our work can present valuable suggestions for the construction and improvement of CPTQMS in Chinese higher education.

Microtubule is one of the key components of the cytoskeleton and plays an important role in the maintenance of cell shape and the process of signal transduction and mitosis. Due to the extreme importance of microtubule in the process of mitosis, tubulin becomes one of the most important targets for development of new anticancer drugs and tubulin inhibitors are used for the treatment of cancer nowadays. These inhibitors have antitumor activity by inhibiting or promoting the assembly of tubulin to microtubules and interfering the process of cell mitosis. This review summarized the research progress of the tubulin inhibitors, especially the introduction of the tubulin inhibitors of pharmacological activities and the progress of clinical research. Also, the development trend of these inhibitors is discussed.

Objective To analyze the clinical features in multiple myeloma(MM)patients, and the summaries the treatment effect of different therapies. Methods The clinical initial symptoms, laboratory data,clinical efficacy of treatment with MP, M2, VAD, BD,T hal + DEX and other chemotherapy in 120 patients newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among 120 MM cases,the incidence peak was situated in 40 - 60 years age group, the mean age at oneset was 54 years, which indicated that the onset age were getting younger in China. Bone pain, anemia, infection were the most common initial symptoms of MM. In terms of clinical efficacy:①Significant difference between MP and VAD programs(χ2 = 10. 626,P ＜0. 05＝,but no significant difference between MP and M2 programs(χ2 = 2. 439, P ＞ 0. 05), MP and Thal + DEX programs(χ2 = 5. 870, P ＞0. 05. ②Significant difference between M2 and VAD programs(χ2 = 8. 307, P ＜ 0. 05＝; No significant difference between M2 and Thal + DEX programs(χ2 = 2. 592, P ＞ 0. 05). ③ No significant difference between VAD and Thal +DEX programs(χ2 =0. 916,P＞ 0. 05). ④BD program is the most efficient program,but this discovery need further confirmation because of the small number of cases observed. Conclusions At present, chemotherapy is the main treatment for MM, most scheme like MP, M2, VAD, BD, etc. , have certain effect depend on different patient groups but remain improving. The choice of appropriate chemotherapy and autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation will help to improve the prognosis of the disease.

Objective To study the value of MR three-dimensional volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination(3D-VIBE)and conventional MR imaging (including MRCP) in diagnosing cholangiocarcinoma early and evaluating the respectability of cholangiocarcinoma. Methods 20 patients with malignant obstruction of bile duct were scaned by conventional MR imaging(including MRCP) and dynamic-enhanced 3D-VIBE triple-phase acquisitions. MR imaging features of the tumors were analysed and the re-spectability of cholangiocarcinoma was also evaluated. The differences between conventional MR imaging and 3D-VIBE in displaying the tumors and the infiltration extent of the tumors were compared. Results The sensitivity ratio in showing the tumors were 85 and 95% with conventional MR imaging and 3D-VIBE, respectively, and there was statistically significant difference between two sequences in displaying infiltration of adjacent organs by the tumors(P<0.05). Conclusion 3D-VIBE is superior to conventional MR imaging in the early diagnosis,preoperative assessment of the infiltration extent and the tumor respectability of cholangiocarcino-ma.

Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a tumor associated protein which is able to be a potent anticancer target, since it is highly expressed in a multitude of carcinomas, while it is present in a limited number of normal tissues. This review focuses on its role in tumor physiology, the most recent three dimensional structure features of this enzyme which has recently been elucidated. In addition, we present recent advances in the development of small inhibitors able to target CA IX for therapeutic applications.