ObjectiveTo explore the effective measures to prevent and control the hospital infections.MethodsThe hospital infections'data of 27 129 inpatients were retrospectively studied and retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe nosocomial infection rate was 3.40％. The major sites of the infection were lower respiratory tract (50.05％ ). The most common pathogens were mainly Gram-negative bacteria (41.91％ ). The infection mainly occurs in old peple(75.34％ ). The highest infection rate is in organ transplantation unit( 14.62％ ). The factors of high risk included antibiotics(53.47％ ), immunocompromise and invasive therapies. ConclusionTo improve the pathogen detective rate and the monitoring of antibiotic resistance ,to decrease the use of invasive therapies and to keep high risk areas under surveillance were the effective measures to control hospital infection and to reduce the incidence rate of hospital infection.

The stigmatization of social system toward serious mental disorder patients is a long-standing problem,and it brings the stigma,which is prevailing throughout different patients with mental disorder.And that brought profound negative influences on the patients and their families.The patients with the stigma,they shame in social avoidance,worry about discrimination,even delay in diagnosis and treatment for various reasons,serious impact on their treatment,prognosis and quality of life.This article through the comprehensive analysis of the factors of the stigma among the patients with serious mental disorder in our country,and probes into how to reduce the stigma.

0.05).Conclusion The 4-combine radical treatment to Hp infection can reduce the concentration of ammonia in gastric juice and blood ammonia obviously in patients with liver cirrhosis,whose Child-Pugh grade are A and B,and the treatment is effective in preventing heptic encephalopathy.

Human rotavirus has been discovered since the early 1970s, which is still a primary pathogen causing infant diarrhea under the age of five. Each year about 600,000 infant died of severe body dehydration caused by rotavirus infection. Since the current rotavirus diarrhea have no specific therapeutic drugs, using vaccine to prevent rotavirus infection is an effective method. Research on a vaccine often involved in a multidisciplinary theory and technology. This article reviewed the epidemic situation of rotavirus,animal model,the body's immune response after infection, developing and using vaccine and other related issues.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the the expression of SOCS-1/3 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and interferon therapeutic response in patients with chronic hepatitis B.Methods 50 patients with chronic hepatitis B were given interferon therapy.After 24 weeks treatment,according to biochemical and virologic response,they were divided into two groups:response and non response group.HBV-DNA was detected by PCR.The SOCS-1/3 mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR.Results The expression of SOCS-1 in the PBMCs of response group after 24 weeks treatment was significantly higher than that before interferon therapy (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of SOCS-3 in the PBMCs of response group after 24 weeks trentment was significantly lower than that before interferon therapy (P ＜ 0.05).In non response group,there were no significant differences in the expression of SOCS-1/3 (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The increase expression of SOCS-1 mRNA and the decrease of SOCS-3 mRNA in the PBMCs in chronic hepatitis B patients received 24 weeks interferon-therapy probably is relevant to the IFN-α antiviral effect.

Objective To investigate hepatic pathohistological changes(including pathology,HBV markers in liver tissue)in patients with KBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B after adefovir therapy for 1 year.Methods 35 patients with HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B were administered with 10mg adefovir once a day for one year.The needle biopsy of liver were performed before and after treatment.The routine HE stained liver tissue sections were evaluated and Knodell pathological score were done.HBsAg and HBeAg in liver tissue were examined by immunohisochemisty method.Results After 1 year,18,17 and 11 cases had a significant reduction of their total hepatic HAI score,necroinflammation and fibrosis score.The immunohistochemistry examination showed HBeAg in liver decreased significantly,but HBsAg had no obvious alteration.Conclusion Significant improvement in both necroin flammation and fibrosis can be obtained in the majority of patients treated with adefovir for 1 year.More significant improvement in live histology can be obtained after extended treatment.

Objective To optimize the PCR primer sets for Simian virus 40 (SV40) detection and establish an assay method for SV40 which is of high sensitivity, strong specificity, broad applicability. Methods Two pairs of PCR primers were designed of based on 21 different SV40 strains genome by Primer Premier 5.00 software, and the features of two pairs of PCR primers were analyzed by Oligo software (version 6.71), conservative nucleotide of two pairs of PCR primers and the PCR amplification product were analyzed by DNAMAN software (version 6.0.40). Two pairs of new-built PCR primers were compared with those derived from China pharmacopoeia (Clip) in these aspects. The detection sensitivity of four pairs of PCR primers were analyzed using different SV40 DNA diluent as PCR template. The detection specificity of four pairs of PCR primers were analyzed using sterile water, Vero cell DNA, SV40 DNA as PCR template, respectively. Results The sequences of the new PCR primer sets VP1 and T are conservative for 21 Strains. The sequences of PCR primer sets GCVP1 and GCT are conservative for SV40 strains whose accession No. is J02400, NC_001669, AF316139 and AF316141. As far as the same diluent SV40 DNA template is concerned, the PCR amplification efficiency of PCR primer set VP1 and T is higher than that of PCR primer set GCVP1 and GCT. There are non-specific band in nucleic acid electrophoresis for amplification products of PCR primer sets GCVP1 and GCT, whereas there are no non-specific band in nucleic acid electrophoresis for amplification products of PCR primer sets VP1 and T. Conclusion The new assay method for SV40 nucleic acid sequence has many better qualities than those in Chp such as high sensitivity, strong specificity, broad applicability, conservation of primers and their amplification products and so on.

Objective: To summarize the experience of valve replacement for multiple valve insufficiency in patients with giant left ventricle and the operative indication. Methods: Multiple valvular operations were performed in 62 patients with giant left ventricle between 1991 and 2002. Combined mitral and aortic valve replacement was performed in 56, tricuspid valve annuloplasty in 43, left atrium placation surgery in 12, and mitral valve replacement in 5. Results: The early postoperative complication and mortality rate were 45.2% and 17.7%, respectively .The late mortality rate was 6.5%. The main factors influencing the early surgical results were preoperative severe left ventricular enlargement (ESD ≥6.0cmand EDD ≥8.0cm) and systolic dysfunction (EF ≤0 40 and FS ≤0 25), perioperative ventricular fibrillation, postoperative low cardiac output and multiple organal failure. The main factors affecting long term survival were postoperative severe ventricular arrhythmia and left ventricular enlargement with depressed systolic performance. Conclusion: The keys to improve the early and late results of multiple valve replacement in these patients with giant left ventricle are the choice of optimum surgical timing, the proper management of the high risk factors mentioned above during perioperative and follow up periods.

Objective To investigate the effects of different acupuncture therapies on serum branched-chain amino acids (BAC and free tryptophan (F-Trp) in high-intensity military training soldiers. Methods Ninety healthy soldiers were randomly allocated to groups A, B and C, 30 soldiers each. Group A received treatment with electroacupuncture at Zusanli; group B, treatment by cupping on Zusanli;group C, no treatment. The three groups did a high-intensity 5 km running exercise after two weeks of treatment. Serum BACC and F-Trp contents were measured in the three groups before and at the end of treatment and at five days after treatment. Results It can be seen from table 2 that there were no statistically significant pre-treatment differences in serum BACC and F-Trp contents between the three groups of soldier subjects (P>0.05); there were statistically significant pre-/post-treatment differences in serum BACC and F-Trp contents in the three groups of soldier subjects (P＜0.05). There was a statistically significant post-treatment difference in serum BACC content between group A or B and group C (P＜0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in serum F-Trp content between group A or B and group C at the end of treatment and at five days after treatment (P＜0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture therapy can effectively improve bodily anti-fatigue ability and reduce high-intensity exercise induced muscular injury in military training soldiers.

Objective To investigate the effect of point Zusanli acupuncture on serum creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) in high-intensity military training soldiers and explore its possible antifatigue mechanism.Methods Sixty healthy soldiers were randomly allocated to groups A and B, 30 each. Group A received acupuncture at point Zusanli and group B, no treatment. After two weeks of treatment, two groups of soldiers separately did 5 km high-intensity running training and fulfilled the requirement of army examination. CK and CK-MB were measured in two groups before and after training and five days after training.Results In the two groups, there were statistically significant differences in serum CK and CK-MB contents between before training and after or five days after training (P<0.05). After or five days after training, there were statistically significant differences in serum CK and CK-MB contents between groups A and B (P<0.05).ConclusionsAcupuncture at point Zusanli can effectively improve bodily antifatigue ability and reduce myocardial and skeletal muscle injury caused by high-intensity exercise in military training soldiers.