Related researches found that there exist relative specific microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns in the blood or urine of patients with tumor,and miRNA in the blood and urine are stable and reproducible.Therefore,miRNA can serve as non-traumatic biological markers for the early diagnosis,individualized treatment,prognosis monitoring or follow-up of cancer.

The paper described efforts made by Guangdong province to achieve a goal of the healthcare reform Serious diseases can be treated within the county.In this reform,the province attempts such operation mechanisms as autonomous type,guided type and trusted type for the purpose of elevating the service capabilities of county-level public hospitals.To this end,four independent operation mechanisms have also been built for talent development,remuneration incentive,specialty development,and cost control.All these efforts aim at encouraging the hospitals to improve service capability and quality.

OBJECTIVE To discuss the preventive methods of hepatitis B virus reinfection after liver transplantation. METHODS Eighty eight liver transplantation recipients with HBV-related end-stage liver diseases including chronic fulminant hepatitis B,end-stage liver cirrhosis and liver carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively,and were given lamivudine pre-transplantation to prevent hepatitis B virus reinfection.Post-transplantation medicines of lamivudine were administered in 3 cases;lamivudine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin(HBIg) in 85 cases.The follow-up criteria included serum HBV,HBV-DNA,liver biopsy,immunohistochemical study of liver biopsy specimens and clinical manifestations.All of patients were followed-up 6 months at least.RESULTS Two of the three cases who taken lamivudine developed reinfection,the little time is 6 months following liver transplantation.There were three of eighty five cases taken lamicudine and HBIg(small dosage) developed reinfection.CONCLUSIONS Liver transplantation is an effective treatment for HBV-related end-stage liver diseases.Given lamivudine at the pre-transplantation could reduce the levels of the HBV virus copies.Lamivudine and HBIg post-transplantation offer effective prevention against hepatitis B virus reinfection.

Objective:To study the influence of protein transduction domain (PTD)-oligomerization domain (OD)-HA fusion proteins on apoptosis of bcr/abl-positive cell lines. Methods:bcr/abl-positive cells were treated with PTD-OD-HA protein. The apoptoses of the cells were detected by flow cytometry (FCM), DNA ladder and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the levels of apoptosis-related genes bax and bcl-2 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results:FCM examination demonstrated that PTD-OD-HA protein induced the apoptosis of bcr/abl-positive cells; DNA ladder showed that the classic DNA ladders appeared in BaF3-P210 and K562 cells after 48 h treatment with PTD-OD-HA proteins; the apoptoses of BaF3-P210 cells were observed by TEM; the levels of bax in mRNA and protein increased in BaF3-P210 and K562 cells, and bcl-2 decreased. Conclusion:PTD-OD-HA proteins specifically induced the apoptosis of bcr/abl positive cells.

OBJECTIVE To explore the treatment measure of pulmonary infection after liver transplantation.METHODS The clinical data of 78 cases of pulmonary infection after liver transplantation in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS The incidence of pulmonary infection in this group of patients was 48.8%.The mean onset time of the first pulmonary infection after operation was(9.56?5.53)days after surgery.Forty four patients were diagnosed as right pneumonia,14 as left pneumonia,and 20 bilateral pneumonia.Long operation time,mechanical ventilatory time,abdominal bleeding,intraoperative total fluid perfusion and renal dysfunction after liver transplantation were risk factors of pulmonary infection.87.2% Of these patients improved,and 12.8% died.CONCLUSIONS The mortality of pulmonary infection after liver transplantation is high.Bacteria and fungi are the major pathogens.The key of prevention and cure of pulmonary infection after liver transplantation wis included of cutting down operation time,lessening abdominal bleeding,controlling intraoperative fluid perfusion,extubating as soon as possible,protecting renal dysfunction and raising pathogeny to check.

With the extensive application of surgical robots represented by Da Vinci in minimally invasive surgical procedures, robotic technology has gradually extended to the field of flexible endoscopic surgery like digestive endoscopy. Many studies have shown that surgical robots can also improve the operational efficiency and safety of flexible endoscopic surgery and optimize the learning curve. However, due to the narrow and tortuous lumen of digestive tract, the development and design of flexible digestive endoscopic surgical robot is relatively more difficult. In this paper, the research and development characteristics of the flexible digestive endoscopic surgical robot are introduced from the aspects of carrier length, flexibility and ergonomics, and its future clinical application is prospected, with a view to facilitating the application of the flexible surgical robot in the minimally invasive surgical procedures of natural passages such as digestive, respiratory and urinary tract.

With the extensive application of surgical robots represented by Da Vinci in minimally invasive surgical procedures, robotic technology has gradually extended to the field of flexible endoscopic surgery like digestive endoscopy. Many studies have shown that surgical robots can also improve the operational efficiency and safety of flexible endoscopic surgery and optimize the learning curve. However, due to the narrow and tortuous lumen of digestive tract, the development and design of flexible digestive endoscopic surgical robot is relatively more difficult. In this paper, the research and development characteristics of the flexible digestive endoscopic surgical robot are introduced from the aspects of carrier length, flexibility and ergonomics, and its future clinical application is prospected, with a view to facilitating the application of the flexible surgical robot in the minimally invasive surgical procedures of natural passages such as digestive, respiratory and urinary tract.

Objective To compare the efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)using the flexible auxiliary single-arm transluminal endoscopic robot(FASTER)with that of the traditional technique,and explore a safer and more efficient ESD operation method.Methods FASTER-assisted ESD and traditional ESD were used to operate in the isolated pig esophagus model.The differences of total procedure time,ESD time,the rate of direct-vision dissection,complete en bloc resection and complication rate between the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results The total procedure time[(19.2±2.9)and(28.9±8.2)min]and ESD time[(13.0±2.9)and(21.6±8.3)min]were significantly shorter in FASTER-assisted ESD group than those in traditional ESD group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01);The rate of direct-vision dissection was significantly higher than that of the traditional ESD(96.2%and 65.4%),the difference was statistically significant(P=0.014).Muscle layer injury rate was significantly lower than of the traditional group(19.2%and 69.2%),the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).There was no significant difference in complete en bloc resection rate and perforation rate between the two groups(P>0.05).These advantages were more apparent in esophageal non-gravity lesions.Conclusion Esophageal ESD assisted by FASTER is safer and more efficient than traditional ESD.