Objective To evaluate efficacy and safety of escitalopram in treating depression. Methods In this randomized, double-blind, double-mimicry, paroxetine parallel controlled study,the study group was treated with escitalopram and the control group with paroxetine. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression was taken to evaluate efficacy score. Results At the end of six weeks,compared with the total scores of HAMD before and after treatment, escitalopram (17.5±7.8) and paroxetine (16.0±7.9) group both showed the significant difference, while the difference compared between two groups ,the efficacy (87.0% and 81.7%) for depression and side effects were no significance. Conclusion Escitalopram is an efficient and safety antidepressant.

Objective To present the experiences in using the tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (Sondgrass procedure) for hypospadias repair. Methods Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty was performed for 43 cases of hypospadias including 35 distal penile shaft and 8 penoscrotal hypospadias.9 children have had a history of failed urethroplasty.Dorsal plication was carried out for 10 chordees.Bladder drainage was maitained for 10 days.After withdrawing the drainage,regular urethral dilatation was conducted. Results The patients have been followed up for 4～11 months and a good functional neourethra with a vertical slit like meatus was observed.There has been no chordee or stricture.5 patients had urethro cutaneous fistula,4 have been corrected. Conclusions Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty can be used in distal and proximal hypospadias repair including those with chordee and is especially indicated for patients without enough penile skin after failed urethroplasty.

Objective To evaluate diuretic renogram (DR) in the assessment of therapeutic effect on dilated upper urinary tract in children. Methods A total of 54 children with 66 sides of dilated upper urinart tract undergone surgery had been followed up by DR examination. Results According to the renal blood perfusion rate (BPR),the dilated upper urinary tract was divided into 3 catagories,the minor,medium and the major.In minor and medium catagories (49 sides),the renogram on 37 sides changed from obstructive pattern (no excretory phase) to reduced excretion ones which slopped downward obviously on frusemide administration (dilated nonobstructed pattern).The renogram had no change on 12 sides.In the major catagory (17 sides),BPR changed from 23.8?3.5% preoperatively to 33.4?6.4% postoperatively ( P

Objective To discuss the imaging representations and its clinical significance of acute indigitation in infants.Methods The imaging representations including CT,ultrasonography stand abdominal plain film and gas clysters of indigitation comfirmed by operation in 58 infants were analysed.Results (1)Of 58 cases,33 were ileum-colon and ileum-caecal type,25 were ileum-ileum-colon,ilem-cecal-colon and ileum-colon-colon type;(2)The main imaging representations were as following:gas decreased in colon of small intestine (12 cases),inflation in intestine and incomplete ileus (18 cases),ileus of small intestine(17 cases),no abnormity on stand abdominal plain film (8 cases).Gas clyster showed the "goblet sign" and masses (28 cases).The sign of targed rings was seen on ultrasonography(3 cases).The layered homocentric round tumors showed by CT (1 case).Conclusion The imaging representations of acute indigitation in infants are typical,which are significant for the diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the antagonistic effect of ω-3PUFAs on cognitive impairment in MK-801-induced schizophrenia (SZ) rats and its mechanism.Methods Rat model of schizophrenia was induced by MK-801.Morris water maze was used to detect the change of cognitive function in rats.The number of neonatal neurons in hippocampus was detected by Brdu staining.CREB,p-CREB,BDNF,TrkB and p-TrkB levels were detected by Weston Blot.Results MK-801 induced schizophrenia-like cognitive impairment (the escape latency in the water maze test was (6.51±3.10)s for Ctr group,(15.27±6.20)s for Mod group;acrossing times was (4.63±1.06) times for Ctr group,(2.00±1.15) times for Mod group),reduced the number of neonatal neurons in hippocampus (the relative level of neonatal neuron number per unit area,Mod/Ctr was 0.656±0.066) and impaired the CREB/BDNF/TrkB pathway (the relative level of gray value,Mod/Ctr:CREB was 0.393±0.065,p-CREB was 0.591±0.015,BDNF was 0.716±0.115,TrkB was 0.787±0.029,p-TrkB was 0.586±0.013).ω-3PUFAs improved the CREB/BDNF/TrkB pathway activity by increasing CREB and TrKB level and their phosphorylation (the relative level of gray value,Pre/Ctr:CREB was 1.139±0.111,p-CREB was 0.845±0.243,BDNF was 0.864±0.133,TrkB was 0.916±0.022,p-TrkB was 0.952±0.047),and then recovered the number of neonatal neurons in hippocampus (the relative level of neonatal neuron number per unit area,Pre/ Ctr was 1.183±0.101),thereby reduced the cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia rats(the escape latency in the water maze was (7.44±4.55)s for Pre;acrossing times was (3.86±1.68) times for Pre).Conclusion ω-3PUFAs can relieve the MK-801-induced schizophrenia-like cognitive impairment.

Objective· To investigate the prospective value of early postoperative PI-APD in children with hydronephrosis.Methods· Data of children with hydronephrosis who underwent pyeloplasty in Xinhua Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine between Jan 2012 to Nov 2015 was collected.PI-APD was divided into 3 categories (≤ 19％,19％＜PI-APD＜40％ and ≥ 40％).The relationship between PI-APD value and the degree of renal function (DRF) and dilation recovery after surgery was analyzed.Results· There were 360 children with hydronephrosis.The median follow-up was 20 months.The PI-APD value (3 months after pyeloplasty) was positively correlated with the degree of DRF recovery (r=0.631,P=0.000).Five patients received redo-pyeloplasty.PI-APD of all these patients was ＜19％.Conclusion· PI-APD is a new feasible ultrasound parameter in pyeloplasty followup.PI-APD ≥ 40％ at the first post-operative visit predicts pyeloplasty success.PI-APD ≤ 19％ indicates close follow-up after operation.PI-APD can also help select children at high risk for repeat intervention after pyeloplasty.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of ziprasidone and olanzapine on glucose and lipid metabolism in first-episode schizophrenia. METHODS: A total of 260 schizophrenics were assigned randomly to receive ziprasidone or olanzapine for 6 weeks. The weight was measured at baseline, week 2, 4 and 6. Fasting blood glucose (FBS), fasting insulin, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total-cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were measured at baseline and the end of 6-week treatment. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was measured in some patients at baseline and the end of 6-week treatment. Body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance index (IRI) were counted. RESULTS: A total of 245 patients completed the trial, including 121 ziprasidone patients and 124 olanzapine patients. The average dose was 137.5 mg/d for ziprasidone and 19.5 mg/d for olanzapine. Patients treated with olanzapine had higher weight gain than those treated with ziprasidone [(4.55±3.37) kg vs (-0.83±2.05) kg, P<0.001]. After the treatment, FBS, fasting insulin, HDL, TC, TG, LDL and IRI levels were significantly increased in the olanzapine group (all P values<0.001 ). However, in the ziprasidone group, FBS decreased significantly and HDL and TG levels increased significantly after the 6-week treatment (all P values<0.05). The mean changes of FBS, fasting insulin, TC, TG, LDL and IRI were significantly different in the two groups (all P values<0.001). CONCLUSION Ziprasidone has less glucose and lipid metabolic effect for first-episode schizophrenia patients in short-term treatment. However, olanzapine induces weight gain and dysfunction of glucose and lipid metabolism significantly, which is associated with increased risk of complications. When the doctors choose antipsychotics in the clinic, they should consider the side effects of the medication.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Benzodiazepines ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Blood Glucose ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism ; drug effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Olanzapine ; Piperazines ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Schizophrenia ; drug therapy ; Thiazoles ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

Objective:To compare the effectiveness of proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) with intertrochanteric antegrade nail (InterTAN) in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly. Methods:A retrospective study of 62 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures who received two operation methods from Sep 2014 to May 2016 was done. There were 28 patients in PFNA group, and 34 patients in InterTAN group. The operation time, blood loss in operation, hospitalization time, healing time, and Harris hip joint functional score were compared and analyzed. Results:Operation time and the amount of intraoperative blood loss in PFNA group were less than that in InterTAN group. Hospitalization time,fracture healing time and Harris hip joint functional score after ten months had no significant difference between the two groups. And 59 cases in total were followed up with an average of 11.5 months (from 9 to 16 months) . In PFNA group, 27 patients were followed up, and one patient was lost to follow up, who died because of chronic renal insufficiency. The rest 26 patients all achieved bony union (including one case of hip versus) . At follow-up 9 months, hip joint function was excellent in 18 cases, good in 6, fair in 2, bad in 1, and the excellent-good rate was 88.9%. In InterTAN group,32 patients were followed up,and two cases were lost to follow up. In followed-up cases, there was one patient who was no healing of fracture. After hip arthroplasty, this patient got recovery. The hip joint function was excellent in 21 cases, good in 7, fair in 3, and bad in 1. The differences between the two groups were not statisticaly significant. Conclusion:Both PFNA and InterTAN can treat intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly with good result,but PFNA has obvious advantages over InterTAN on less hemorrhage and operation time.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of 7 antipsychotic drugs on the life quality of schizophrenia patients including chlorpromazine, sulpiride, clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, and aripiprazole. METHODS: A total of 1,227 stable schizophrenic patients within 5 years onset who took 1 of the 7 study medications as maintenance treatment were followed up for 1 year at 10 China sites. Patients were evaluated by the short form-36 health survey (SF-36) at the baseline and at the end of 1 year. RESULTS: The life quality was improved obviously at the end of the follow-up. There was significant difference in body pain, vitality, and mental health (P<0.05) among these antipsychotic drugs. CONCLUSION All 7 antipsychotic drugs can improve the life quality of schizophrenia patients. Atypical antipsychotic drugs, especially olazapine and quetiapine, are superior to typical antipsychotic drugs in improving life quality.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Antipsychotic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Benzodiazepines ; therapeutic use ; Dibenzothiazepines ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Olanzapine ; Quality of Life ; Quetiapine Fumarate ; Schizophrenia ; drug therapy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

【Objective】 To explore the action mechanism of vinpocetine in improving learning and memory disorders in depressive rats after modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT). 【Methods】 The models of depressive rats were constructed by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) method. A total of 30 rats with depression were randomly divided into depression group, MECT group, and MECT+vinpocetine (10 mg/kg) group, with 10 in each group. A total of 10 untreated healthy rats were enrolled as control group. The learning and memory ability were tested by Morris water maze test and novel object recognition test. The depression state was evaluated by sugar preference test. The brain slices of the hippocampus were prepared for electrophysiological experiments. The density of dendritic spine was detected by Golgi staining. The expressions of endocannabinoids related genes [diacylglycerol lipase (DAGLα), monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), and endocannabinoid type-I receptor (CB1R)] were detected by qPCR and Western blotting. The lentivirus was injected to downregulate the expressions of CB1R and DAGLα in the hippocampus. After re-modeling and treatment, behavioral tests were performed. 【Results】 Compared with control group, sugar preference, spatial exploration time, relative discrimination index, long-term potentiation (LTP), density of dendritic spine, expressions of DAGLα and CB1R were decreased, while escape latency and MAGL were increased in depression group (P<0.05). Compared with depression group, sugar preference, escape latency, and MAGL were increased, while spatial exploration time, relative discrimination index, LTP, density of dendritic spine, expressions of DAGLα and CB1R were decreased in MECT group (P<0.05). Compared with depression group, sugar preference, spatial exploration time, relative discrimination index, LTP, density of dendritic spine, expressions of DAGLα and CB1R were increased, while escape latency and MAGL were decreased in MECT+vinpocetine group (P<0.05). Compared with MECT group, sugar preference, spatial exploration time, relative discrimination index, LTP, density of dendritic spine, expressions of DAGLα and CB1R were increased, while escape latency and MAGL were decreased in MECT+vinpocetine group (P<0.05). The down-regulation of DAGLα or CB1R by lentivirus could inhibit the improvement effect of vinpocetine on behavioral performance of depressive rats after MECT. 【Conclusion】 Vinpocetine can significantly improve learning and memory disorders in depressive rats after MECT, which may be related to regulating the expressions of endocannabinoid-related genes and enhancing synaptic plasticity.