BACKGROUND:Al oying is a convenient and effective method to alter the microstructure and control the corrosion behavior of magnesium al oy.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the in vitro and in vivo degradation of Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr al oy as a degradable medical biomaterial.
METHODS:(1) In vitro static immersion test:The immersion tests were carried out at (37.0±0.5) thermostatic bath. Six Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr al oy samples and six pure magnesium samples were immersed in the 250 mL simulated body fluid and vibrated without agitation during immersion. After 3, 7 and 30 days static immersion, the samples were taken out from the simulated body fluid. Then the in vitro corrosion properties were evaluated using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer analysis. (2) In vivo animal experiment:After bone tunnel was established in the left femur of adult New Zealand rabbits, the Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr al oy rods were embedded in the Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr al oy group, titanium al oy rods were embedded in the titanium al oy group, and only bone tunnel was established in the sham-operated group. At 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks after implantation, an X-ray of the implanted region was taken to determine the location and the degradation behavior℃in a of Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr al oy. At 4, 8 weeks after implantation, the corrosion product and its element composition were observed using scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive spectroscopy system.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of treating depressive patients with somatic symptoms with combined TCM and western medicine.Methods 69 patients were randomly divided into 2 groups:a combined therapy group (treated with Yangyin-Qinggan decoction and paroxetine) and mono-therapy (treated with paroxetine alone as an active control),The depressive and somatic symptoms were assessed before (0 week),during (2 weeks and 4 weeks) and at the end point (8 weeks) of the treatment.Results ①Both therapies alleviated the depressive symptoms:HAMD assessed among patients receiving combined therapy are listed as:(0 week:19.29±2.38),(2 weeks:17.38 ± 2.37),(4 weeks:15.27 ± 2.15),(8 weeks:13.35 ± 2.09) ;combined therapy started to ease the depressive symptoms after 2 weeks of treatment (2 week compared with 0weeks),similar improvements could also be noticed after 4 weeks of treatment 4 weeks with 2 weeks:P＜0.05)and at the end of this research (after 8 weeks of treatment:8 weeks with 4 weeks:P＜0.05).HAMD for mono-therapy are as:(0 week:18.69±3.03),(2 weeks:16.63±3.09),(4 weeks:15.20±2.95),(8 weeks:14.60±2.72) ; mono-therapy started to alleviate the depressive symptoms also,after 2 weeks of treatment (2 weeks compared with 0 week:P＜0.05),yet only slight improvements could be seen after 4 weeks (4 weeks with 2 weeks:P＞0.05) and 8 weeks of the treatment (8 weeks with 4 weeks:P＞0.05).The combined therapy turned to be more effective in alleviating depressive symptoms at the end point of the treatment (P＜0.05).②In terms of improving the somatic symptoms,the Somatization Symptom Scale (SSS) among patients with combined therapy were as follows:(0 week:48.74±4.07),(2 weeks:46.74±4.16),(4 weeks:43.74±3.77),(8 weeks:41.18 ± 3.50) ; Combined therapy was witnessed to start to ease those symptoms after 2 weeks o f treatment (2week compared with 0 weeks,P＜0.05),similar patterns were found again,after 4 weeks (4 weeks with 2 weeks:P＜0.05) and 8 weeks of the treatment (8 weeks with 4 weeks:P＜0.05).Mono-therapy was found to ease the somatic symptoms in a less-effective way,yet no difference was found between any two SSS after 2 weeks,4weeks or 8 weeks of treatment (P＞0.05,respectively).Combined therapy was better at improving the somatic symptoms (P＜ 0.01).Conclusion Combined therapy proved to be more effective in both relieving depression and somatic symptoms.

Objective To describe the clinical characteristics and etiology diagnosis of an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection in a military camp. Methods Two hundred and twenty-five cases were investigated using unified epidemiological questionnaires to describe the epidemiological characteristics. The etiological tests of 30 pharynx swab specimen were performed. The serum neutralized antibodies of 52 patients in acute and convalescence phases were detected by neutralization test. The patients and their close contacts were isolated. Air, stuffs and ground were all disinfected. Results Two hundred and twenty-five cases were distributed all the camp with obvious dormitory aggregation and the aggregation rate was 44. 9%. Among the 225 cases, all cases had fever and 161 (71.6%) had cough, 111 (49.3%) had pharyngalgia, 102 (45.3%) had headache, 31 (13.8%) had chest stuffy and 4(1. 8%) had dyspnea. Twenty (66. 7%) phargnxswab specimens turned to be adenorirus gene positive by polymerase chain reaction. Pharynx swab specimens were cultured in HepG2, Hela, RD and Vero cells, and 16 (53. 3%) presented with cytopathic changes. IgM antibody screening demonstrated that 24 cases were infected with Adenovirus, and neutralization test showed that antibodies increased ≥4 folds in paired sera from 28 cases. During 10 days after patient isolation and general disinfection, there was no new case of Adenovirus infection. Conclusions This outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection in a military camp was caused by Adenovirus, Timely andreasonable preventing measures can control the epidemic quickly.

Objective To explore the TCM syndrome characteristics of cardiac syndrome X(CSX).Methods The signs and symptoms of 51 patients with CSX were analyzed according to the diagnosis of TCM syndromes to summarize their syndrome character- istics.Results of the 51 CSX cases,the following signs and symptoms took dominance:chest pain,fullness in chest,epigastric and abdominal distention,emotional distress,dark purple tongue with petechia,greasy coating,string-taut pulse.The syndromes were mainly of Biao-Superficial excess,including qi stagnation,phlegm retention and blood stasis,occupying 66. 7%,accompanied with Benroot deficiency,including qi deficiency,yin deficiency,qi and yin both deficiency,occupying 33.3%.Conclusion Qi stagnation, phlegm retention and blood stasis are the primary syndromes of CSX.

Aim To study the effect of high salt diet during pregnancy on the development of renal vessels in offspring rats and its mechanism.Methods Natural pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into high-salt group and control group.The pregnant rats in the high-salt group were given high-salt diet of 8% NaCl content , while the control group normal diet with 1% NaCl content.In both groups, pregnant rats were given normal drinking water.After delivery, all mothers returned to normal diet and all neonatal rats were breast-fed until one month old.The adult male off springs were used as experimental animals.The vessel tone of renal interlobar arteries and electrophysiological behavior of single vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were detected respectively.Results The contractile response of renal arteries to phenylephrine(Phe) in high-salt group was stronger than that in the control group(P<0.05).The effect of protein kinase C(PKC) non selective blocker GF109203X on Phe-induced contraction in two groups also showed significant difference(P<0.05).In electrophysiology experiments, Phe inhibited high-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel(BK channel) currents in renal arteriolar smooth muscle cells in two groups, and the inhibitory effect was more pronounced in high-salt offsprings (P<0.05).GF109203X could eliminate the response of Phe on BK currents in both groups(P>0.05).Conclusions High-salt diet during pregnancy could increase the sensitivity of renal interlobar arterial contractile response to Phe in adult male offsprings, which is associated with PKC-mediated BK channels pathway.Maternal high-salt diet during pregnancy may increase the risk of renal vascular diseases in adult offsprings.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of different elutions of Hyssopus cuspidatus on smooth muscle contraction of isolated tracheal in Guinea pigs. METHODS:Isolated tracheal rings were prepared and soaked in Krebs-Henseleit,using acetyl-choline(ACh,1×10-7 g/mL)or histamine(His,1×10-6 g/mL)to induce contraction of tracheal rings,then the effects of H. cuspi-datus water elution and 30%,50%,60%,70%,95%ethanol elutions with mass concentrations of 0.08,0.16,0.32,0.64,1.28, 2.56 mg/mL on contraction of tracheal rings were respectively investigated. Contraction curves were recorded and antispasmodic rates were calculated. Tests were treated with saline as blank control and aminophylline (0.08 mg/mL) as positive control. RE-SULTS:Compared with blank control,0.16-2.56 mg/mL 30%,50% ethanol elution,0.32-2.56 mg/mL 60% ethanol elution and 0.64-2.56 mg/mL 70%,95% ethanol elution can obviously inhibit ACh-induced contraction of tracheal rings,antispasmodic rates were obviously increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);0.32-2.56 mg/mL water elution and 30%,50% ethanol elution,0.16-2.56 mg/mL 60%,70% ethanol elution and 1.28-2.56 mg/mL 95% ethanol elution can obviously inhibit His-induced contraction of tracheal rings,antispasmodic rates were obviously increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The effects of 2.56 mg/mL 60% ethanol elution ap-proach to aminophylline. CONCLUSIONS:Different elutions of H. cuspidatus has certain antagonistic effect on the ACh-induced or His-induced smooth muscle contraction of isolated tracheal in Guinea pigs;60% ethanol elution shows the strongest effect, which has similar effects with aminophylline at high mass concentration.

Disability Evaluation ; Femur/diagnostic imaging* ; Humans ; Lower Extremity

Abstract: Objective　Quantitative assessment of risk factors of clonorchiasis can provide prevention for clonorchiasis. Methods　Articles were retrieved in Chinese and English electronic databases from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2020, including Wanfang Data, CNKI, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase. All studies were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the quality of all enrolled literatures was evaluated. The software RevMan version 5.3 was used for Meta-analysis. The heterogeneity, sensitivity and publication bias of all included studies were analyzed. Results　A total of 95 articles were retrieved, and 6 were included in this Meta-analysis which were case-control studies. There were 5 articles in Chinese and 1 in English. There was no single literature with a large impact on the results, and the results of this study were relatively stable. There were 1 170 cases of clonorchiasis in total and 1 291 cases in control. Most of the cases were from hospital patients and community residents, and the floating population was small. Meta-analysis showed that there were three independent risk factors: raw or semi-raw fish, raw or semi-raw shrimp, mix raw and cooked cutting boards, with a combined OR (95%CI) of 2.32(1.86, 2.88), 3.99(2.42, 6.58), 2.18(1.51, 3.14), respectively, with low heterogeneity consistent with the results of the total sample study: I2 values for risk factors were 30%, 12%, 27%, respectively. The results of bias tests showed no publication bias (P=0.731, 0.725, 0.334, P>0.05). Conclusions　The key risk factors of clonorchiasis are raw or semi-raw fish, raw or semi-raw shrimp, mix raw and cooked cutting boards. Guidance and health education should be strengthened. It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance of clonorchiasis in the floating population, such as traveler, businessman and student.

Objective: To investigate the proper methods of acupuncture and moxibustion for controlling body weight and their objects. Methods: 274 outpatients were allocated to 3observation groups: obesity, overweight and normal, using standard weight as an index. The obesity group was divided, at a ratio of 1: 1: 3, into 3 groups: fixed prescription, local treatment and treatment based on syndrome differentiation. The syndromes were classified into five types in the syndrome differentiation group. Different protocols of acupuncture and moxibustion plus auricular-plaster therapy were drawn up for treatment. Body mass index (BMI), body fat (F%),body circumferences and subcutaneous fat were evaluated in the patients before and after treatments. Results: There was a difference in the controlling effect of acupuncture on body weight among different populations. The curative effect was better in the obesity and overweight groups than in the normal group; the effective rate was 72.2%, 72.5% and 44.0%, respectively.There was also a difference in curative effect among obesity patients with different types of syndromes. The curative effects on retention of damp-heat in the stomach, stagnation of liver qi and dampness retention due to splenic hypofunction were equal but all better than those on deficiency of splenonephric yang and intemal heat due to yin deficiency. There was also a difference in curative effect among different protocols. The curative effects in the syndrome differentiation-based treatment and fixed prescription groups were equal (77.8%) but all better than that in the local treatment group (53.3%). Conclusion: Acupuncture and moxibustion is an effective way to treat obesity and overweight. Treatment based on syndrome differentiation and fixed prescription on the basis of syndrome differentiation are effective methods.

Objective To study the influence factors for HBV reinfection following liver transplantation.Methods 92 cases of liver transplantation were enrolled for open non-randomized clinical study.Given conventional OLTx and immunosuppressive agents and antibiotics to prevent infection etc,patients are divided into lamivudine alone and HBIG combined with lamivudine group.Observation of postoperative liver function,HBV serum markers,HBV DNA in PBMC,YMDD and HBV S gene mutation,liver tissue IH etc.Results In 92 cases of liver transplantation with HBV-related liver disease,hepatitis B recurrence rate was 4.35%(4/92).In lamivudine group the HBV infection rate was 35%(7/20);In combined therapy group the HBV infection rate was 6.94%(5/72).With preoperatively negative HBV DNA negative the hepatitis B recurrence rate was 0;With preoperatively positive HBV DNA,the postoperative HBV infection rate was 17.39%(12/69),which had cases with S gene or YMDD mutation.In patients with negative HBV DNA before and after operation,the HBV re-infection rate was 11.11%(1/9);In 5 cases with preoperative HBV DNA positive,the HBV infection rate was 4/5 after LTx;before and after operation HBV DNA are positive,the HBV infection rate was 100%(3/3);the preoperative HBV DNA positive and postoperative HBV DNA negative,the HBV infection rate was 50%(1/2).Conclusion To prevent HBV infection after LTx,lamivudine group easily leads to HBV re-infection than HBIG combined with lamivudine group.Preoperative serum HBV DNA positive,preoperative and postoperative HBV YMDD and S gene mutation are the primary factors affecting the HBV re-infection after operation.HBV DNA positive in PBMC is the source of HBV re-infection,but also the factor of recurrence of hepatitis B.