Objective To investigate the changes of the white matter in adolescent depression by using the method of tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). Methods We employed TBSS to examine WM microstructure in 35 treatment-naive adolescents with clinical depression and in 40 matched controls. By using the TBSS, we compared the difference of fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD) and mean diffusivity (MD) between theadolescent patients with depression and the controls. Results Our analysis revealed the abnormal WM microstructures in the clinically depressed adolescents. The whole-brain analysis revealed that patients, with lower FA values in the body of the corpus callosum (CC) (P < 0.01), had elevated RD and MD (P < 0.01), and preserved AD (P > 0.05). The FA values in the body of the corpus callosum was negatively correlated with the severity of depression (P < 0.01). Conclusions Our findings suggest that WM abnormalities are involved in the path-physiology of depression. Importantly , our findings show that these WM abnormalities present early in the course of the disorder.

Objective To evaluate the effects of B7-H3 gene transfection on 18F-FDG uptake and 18F-FLT uptake in prostate cancer cells.Methods The absorption (A) values of untransfected prostate cancer(RM1) cells and B7-H3 gene-transfected RM1 (RM1-B7-H3) cells were detected at different culturing time points (0.5,1,2,3,4 and 5 d) with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) test.Cell cycle phase distribution of RM1 and RM1-B7-H3 cells was measured with flow cytometry.18F-FDG uptake of RM1 and RM1-B7-H3 cells was measured with γcounter and calculated under different conditions:5× 104-5× 106 cells; 0-11.0 mmol/L glucose; 20-120 min incubation in 37 ℃.18F-FLT uptake of RM1 and RM1-B7-H3 cells was measured in 1×106 cells under incubation for 100 min at 37 ℃.After administering anti-B7-H3 monoclonal antibody 4H7,18F-FDG uptake of RM1-B7-H3 cells was measured.The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and two-sample t test.Results The A values of RM1-B7-H3 cells after being incubated for 1,2 and 3 d were higher than those of RM1 cells(1.59±0.23,2.26±0.15 and 2.01±0.60 vs 1.22±0.14,1.10± 0.09 and 1.04±0.15,t=3.923,19.228,4.467,all P＜0.01).There was no statistical significance between the 2 groups at other time points (t=-0.094,0.858,2.000,all P＞0.05).The ratios of RM1-B7-H3 cells in G1,S and G2/M phases were(32.96±2.56) ％,(39.11 ±2.57) ％ and (27.94±0.21) ％,respectively.The ratio of S phase in RM1-B7-H3 cells was higher than that in RM1 cells ((32.76±1.90)％,t=3.442,P＜ 0.05).18F-FDG uptake of the both cell lines decreased with the increase of glucose concentrations,while the uptake went up with the increase of cell number and incubation time.With the cell number of 1.0× 106,incubation time of 100 min and temperature of 37 ℃,the 18F-FDG uptake of RM1-B7-H3 and RM1 cells was (55.07±3.99)％ vs (44.16±3.60)％ (t=4.977,P＜0.01) ; and 18F-FLT uptake of RM1-B7-H3 and RM1 cells was (5.25±0.81)％ vs (3.33±0.64)％ (t=4.567,P＜0.01).After treated with antibody 4H7,18F-FDG uptake of RM1-B7-H3 cells ((45.36±2.92) ％) was lower than that of untreated group (F=10.001,P＜ 0.01).Conclusion B7-H3 gene transfection may promote the metabolism and proliferation of prostate cancer cells,and thereby increase the 18F-FDG uptake and 18F-FLT uptake.

Objective To investigate the differential diagnostic value of 18 F‐DG PET/CT imaging on gastric malignancies and primary gastric lymphoma(PGL) .Methods A total of 93 cases of gastric cancer (23 cases of mucinous adenocarcinoma and 70 ca‐ses of non mucinous adenocarcinoma ) ,58 cases of PGL and 31 cases of Diffuse Large b Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL ) and 27 cases of Mucosa associated tissue lymphoma (MALT) treated in our hospital from Jun 2012 to Jun 2015 were involved in this study .Their clinical data ,SUVmax ,maximum lesions thickness ,CT value ,lesion shape ,merge splenomegaly and lymph node metastasis were compared .The relation between SUVmax and maximum lesions thickness were analyzed with Pearson analysis .Results The aver‐age age and the lesions involve cardiac orifice rate of the gastric cancer group were significantly higher than that of PGL group (P<0 .05) .The occurence rate of SUVmax and splenomegaly in the gastric cancer group were significantly lower than that of PGL group (P<0 .05) .From the perspective of lesion shape ,type Ⅱand Ⅲ were mostly found in gastric cancer group ,while type ⅠandⅡwere mostly seen in PGL group ,the difference was significant(P<0 .05) .Further analysis showed that the SUVmax of DLBCL was significantly higher than other type(P<0 .05);the maximum lesions thickness of DLBCL was significantly higher than gastric mucous adenocarcinoma and MALT (P<0 .05) .Pearson analysis showed that there was no significant difference between SUVmax of different pathological type and the maximum lesions thickness (P>0 .05) .Conclusion The diagnostic value of 18 F‐FDG PET/CT in gastric malignancies was high ,and patients with different cancer and pathological type were different in SUVmax ,maximum le‐sions thickness and lesion shape .

Objective To explore the TCM syndrome characteristics of cardiac syndrome X(CSX).Methods The signs and symptoms of 51 patients with CSX were analyzed according to the diagnosis of TCM syndromes to summarize their syndrome character- istics.Results of the 51 CSX cases,the following signs and symptoms took dominance:chest pain,fullness in chest,epigastric and abdominal distention,emotional distress,dark purple tongue with petechia,greasy coating,string-taut pulse.The syndromes were mainly of Biao-Superficial excess,including qi stagnation,phlegm retention and blood stasis,occupying 66. 7%,accompanied with Benroot deficiency,including qi deficiency,yin deficiency,qi and yin both deficiency,occupying 33.3%.Conclusion Qi stagnation, phlegm retention and blood stasis are the primary syndromes of CSX.

Objective To study the characteristics and differences of the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and the fractional ALFF (fALFF) of the major disorder depression (MDD) and their first-degree relatives in the resting state by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI),to understand the early brain function in patients with MDD.Methods 3.0T fMRI in the resting state was performed in 10 patients with MDD (the depression group),10 first-degree relatives of MDD (the first-degree relatives group) and 10 healthy volunteers (the control group).A statistics analysis of ALFF and fALFF were performed subsequently.Results The ALFF and fALFF values measured in left cerebellum, left precuneus and left medial prefrontal cortex of MDD group were significantly lower than those of the first-degree relatives group (P<0.05).The ALFF values measured in right posterior cingulate cortex and right superior parietal lobule of MDD group were significantly lower than those of the first-degree relatives group (P<0.05).The ALFF and fALFF values measured in left cerebellum, left precuneus and left superior parietal lobule of MDD group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05).The ALFF values measured in right cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex of MDD group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05).There was no significance difference found in ALFF values between the first-degree relatives group and the control group,the fALFF values measured in left superior parietallobule of the first-degree relatives group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion As the widespread ALFF, fALFF abnormalities of brain in MDD and first-degree relatives of MDD,a hypothesis can be get that these abnormal brain region may be associated with cognitive network disorders and emotional distress in MDD.

BACKGROUND:An effective freezing-thawing technique is crucial for the clinical application of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(UC-MSCs).OBJECTIVE:To investigate biological characteristics of UC-MSCs after cryopreservation.METHODS:UC-MSCs were isolated from human umbilical cord and frozen in liquid nitrogen.The survival rate and the suppressive effect of γ-interferon(IFN-γ)of cryopreserved-thawed and fresh human UC-MSCs were compared.Furthermore,the multiple potentials and phenotype of UC-MSCs were estimated after cryopreservation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There was no significant difference between cryopreserved-thawed and fresh human UC-MSCs on the survival rate and the suppressive effect of IFN-γ of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs).After cryopreservation,human UC-MSCs had the potential differentiation and the phenotype of mesenchymal stem cells.

Objective To explore the brain biochemical changes in the frontal lobe of adolescents with depression using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Methods Twenty-four patients and twenty-three healthy subjects matched for age, sex and education level were enrolled in the study. All the subjects underwent multivoxel 1H MRS to measure the bilateral metabolic levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr) in the prefrontal lobes. Results The NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios in the left dorsolateral prefrontal white matter of the depressive adolescents were significantly lower than those of the healthy subjects [NAA/Cr: 1.67 ± 0.32, t = 3.126, P = 0.004; Cho/Cr: 1.28 ± 0.30, t = 2.362, P = 0.024], and the ratios of NAA/Cr in the right dorsolateral prefrontal white matter of the depressive adolescents was also significantly lower than that of the healthy subjects [NAA/Cr:1.65 ± 0.26, t=2.969, P=0.006]. There was no significant difference in the metabolic ratios in the bilateral anterior cingulate gray matter between the depressive adolescents and the healthy controls. Conclusions Biochemical abnormalities in prefrontal white matter are involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Importantly , these abnormalities are already present early in the course of the disorder.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of argon plasma coagulation (APC)trans-choledochoscopy in biliary tract complications following liver transplantation. Methods All 27 patients underwent T-tube-choledochoscopy or percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscope (PTCS).APC was used to burn the hyperplasia of bile duct stenosis and then expended the stenosis with bougienage. The bile duct foreign bodies were burnt by APC and then eliminated. The granulation tissues of bile duct were burnt by APC after biopsied. The sutures of anastomoses were burnt by APC and then eliminated. Results In general, the therapeutic achievement ratio of stenosis of bile duct in 25 cases of 28 locations was 78. 6% (22/28). The clearance ratio of bile duct foreign bodies was 85. 7% (6/7). The elimination ratio of granulation tissues was 100% (5/5), the same as the elimination ratio of sutures of anastomoses. There were no treatment-related complications about APC. The recurrence ratio of bile duct stenosis was respectively 4.5% (1/22) and 13. 6% (3/22)after follow-up for 3 and 6 months respectively. All the recurrent stenosis was non-anastomotic. The recurrence ratio of bile duct foreign bodies was respectively 16. 7% (1/6) and 33.3% (2/6) after follow-up for 3 and 6 months respectively. Conclusion APC trans-choledochoscopy in treatment of biliary anastomotic stenosis, mural foreign bodies, mural biliary cast, granulation tissues of bile duct and sutures of anastomoses following liver transplantion has a high success ratio and a sure long-term efficacy without treatment-related complications.

Objective: To investigate the proper methods of acupuncture and moxibustion for controlling body weight and their objects. Methods: 274 outpatients were allocated to 3observation groups: obesity, overweight and normal, using standard weight as an index. The obesity group was divided, at a ratio of 1: 1: 3, into 3 groups: fixed prescription, local treatment and treatment based on syndrome differentiation. The syndromes were classified into five types in the syndrome differentiation group. Different protocols of acupuncture and moxibustion plus auricular-plaster therapy were drawn up for treatment. Body mass index (BMI), body fat (F%),body circumferences and subcutaneous fat were evaluated in the patients before and after treatments. Results: There was a difference in the controlling effect of acupuncture on body weight among different populations. The curative effect was better in the obesity and overweight groups than in the normal group; the effective rate was 72.2%, 72.5% and 44.0%, respectively.There was also a difference in curative effect among obesity patients with different types of syndromes. The curative effects on retention of damp-heat in the stomach, stagnation of liver qi and dampness retention due to splenic hypofunction were equal but all better than those on deficiency of splenonephric yang and intemal heat due to yin deficiency. There was also a difference in curative effect among different protocols. The curative effects in the syndrome differentiation-based treatment and fixed prescription groups were equal (77.8%) but all better than that in the local treatment group (53.3%). Conclusion: Acupuncture and moxibustion is an effective way to treat obesity and overweight. Treatment based on syndrome differentiation and fixed prescription on the basis of syndrome differentiation are effective methods.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of MRA on the abnormal vessels in Moyamoya and cerebral revascularization , and to evaluate PWI in the observation of cerebral hemodynamics before and after cerebral revascularization.Methods Twenty-four patients with Moyamoya disease ascertained by DSA received cerebral revascularization on one side.MRA and PWI were performed for all patients before and after the operation , while DSA was performed after operation in nine patients to compare the images of MRA and DSA by three experienced radiologists.Perfusion parameters in terminal branches of middle cerebral artery ( MCA) on the operative side were compared with those on the contralateral sides and the cerebellum , including cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transit time (MTT), and delay time ( DT) , as well as relative ratio ( values on the operative side/values on the contralateral side , and values on the operative side/values on the cerebellar region ) of perfusion parameters (rCBF, rCBV, rMTT and rDT) were calculated.Comparisons of the data between different groups were performed using paired Student′s t test.Results MRA was similar to DSA in displaying the internal carotid artery , main branches stenosis, Moyamoya vessels, and cerebral revascularization.DSA was better in displaying collateral vessels than MRA, but primary images of MRA provided anatomic and pathologic information of cerebral parenchyma.After the operations , rCBF (1.30 ±0.27) and rCBV (1.26 ±0.21) of MCA perfusion regions on the operative and the contralateral sides were higher than rCBF (0.73 ±0.15) and rCBV (0.98 ±0.12) before the operation significantly (t=-7.19,-6.64,P<0.05).rMTT (1.06 ±0.20) and rDT (1.07 ± 0.18) after the operation were lower than rMTT(1.53 ±0.34)and rDT (1.40 ±0.26) before the operation (t=5.62,5.40,P<0.05) .In MCA perfusion regions on the operative and cerebellar sides , rCBF(1.93 ± 0.34)and rCBV(2.25 ±0.35)were higher than rCBF(0.88 ±0.18)and rCBV(1.16 ±0.22)(t=-3.04,-3.06,P<0.05) before the operation.rMTT (1.13 ±0.29) and rDT (1.29 ±0.12) were lower than rMTT (1.88 ±0.19 ) and rDT ( 3.29 ±0.47 ) before the operation ( t =4.01, 4.72, P <0.05 ).Conclusions MRA is a safe , reliable method to evaluate abnormal vessels and cerebral revascularization after the operation in moyamoya disease.PWI can detect poor cerebral perfusion , and can be used for assessment of the effect of cerebral revascularization.