Changes of pulmonary ?_1-and ?-adrenergic receptor (?_1-AR and ?-AR)during endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in rates were oberved to find out the rela-tionship between them and the mechanism of change. Results showed that there was amarked decrease of B_max of both ?_1-AR and ?-AR by 35% and 43% respectively, dur-ing acute lung injury. The down regulation of ?-AR might be one of causes of acutelung injury while that of ?_1-AR seems to be a protective response. Active oxygen playedan important role in endotoxin-induced down regulation of AR in the rat lungs. The increa-sed level of norepinephrine and epinephrine was not the main factor that initiate the downregulation of AR. Intravenous injection of tumor necrosis factor (5?10~6U/kg ) exerts noiafluence on the changes of pulmonary AR in rats.

OBJECTIVE:To recommend the development strategies for small and medium-size pharmaceutical commercial enterprises. METHODS: We analyzed the development and change of the macro-policies and industrial surroundings and discussed different strategies available for small and medium-size pharmaceutical commercial enterprises. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Among those suitable strategies, which include scale enlargement, service differentiation, and countryside & community market expansion etc, small and medium enterprises should choose different kinds of strategies according to their special characteristics. Meanwhile they should incessantly enhance their real strength and spare no effort to cultivate their own competitive advantage to seek survival and development.

Hospital information system is a computer system network which meets the need of modernization of hospital information management. In recent years the development of information technology such as computer technology,communication technology provides strong technology support for the development of hospital information system. The history, current status of the military hospital information system at home and abroad and future prospect of our military hospitals are reviewed.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between protein kinase B (AKT) and protein kinase (PKCθ) and morphine-induced inhibition of differentiation of T helper (Th) cells.Methods Peripheral venous blood samples were taken from 20 healthy volunteers..Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were extracted by density gradient centrifugation method.CD4+ T lymphocytes extracted were purified by magnetic bead separation.CD4+ T lymphocytes were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n =3 each) using a random number table.CD4 + T lymphocytes were incubated routinely in group C.CD4 + T lymphocytes were incubated in the presence of PMA 25 ng/ml + ionomycin 1 μg/ml (group PI),PMA 25 ng/ml + ionomycin 1 μμg/ml + morphine 50 μμg/ml (group M),or PMA 25 ng/ml + ionomycin 1 μμg/ml + morphine 50 μg/ml + naloxone 50 μμg/ml (group N).The cells were incubated for 4 h in the incubator containing 5％ CO2 at 37 ℃.The expression of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin-4 (IL-4) was detected by flow cytometry.The expression of IFN-γ and IL-4 was used to reflect the percentage of Th1 and Th2 cells,respectively.The ratio of Th1/Th2 was calculated.The expression of AKT,phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT),PKCθ and phosphorylated PKCθ (p-PKCθ) was detected by Western blot,and the ratio of p-AKT/AKT and p-PKCθ/PKCθ was calculated to reflect the activities of AKT and PKCθ,respectively.Results Compared with group C,the percentage of Th1 and Th2 cells and ratio of Th1/Th2 were significantly increased in PI,M and N groups,the activities of AKT and PKCθ were increased in PI and N groups,and the activity of PKCθ was increased in group M (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group PI,the percentage of Th1 cells,ratio of Th1/Th2 and activity of AKT were significantly decreased in group M,the ratio of Th1/Th2 was decreased in group N (P ＜0.05),and no significant change in the activity of PKCθ was found in M and N groups (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group M,the percentage of Th1 cells,ratio of Th1/Th2 and activity of AKT were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05),while no significant change in the activity of PKCθ was observed in group N (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which morphine inhibits the differentiation of Th cells through activating opioid receptors is related to inhibition of AKT activation,but not related to PKCθ.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between GATA-3 and T-bet and inhibition of the differentiation of human T helper cells by morphine.Methods Ten healthy volunteers,aged 20-50 yr,weighing 50-70 kg,were enrolled in the study.Peripheral venous blood samples were taken in the early morning.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and assigned into 5 groups (n=10 each).PBMCs were incubated routinely (group C).PBMCs were incubated in the presence of PMA and ionomycin (group P),morphine 50 μg/ml (group M),morphine 50 μg/ml + naloxone 50 μg/ml (group MN) or naloxone 50μg/ml (group N),and were then stimulated with PMA and ionomycin for another 4 h.The percentage of Th1 and Th2 cells was detected by flow cytometry.The Th1/Th2 ratio was calculated.Interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 concentrations in the supematant were determined using ELISA.The activities of GATA-3 and T-bet were analyzed by EMSA.Results Compared with group P,the percentage of Th1 and Th2 cells,Th1/Th2 ratio,IFN-γand IL-4 concentrations in the supernatant,and GATA-3 and T-bet activities were significantly decreased in group M,the percentage of Th1 cells,Th1/Th2 ratio,and IFN-γ concentration in the supernatant were significantly decreased in group MN (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Compared with group M,the percentage of Th1 and Th2 cells,Th1/Th2 ratio,IFN-γ and IL-4 concentrations in the supernatant,and GATA-3 and T-bet activities were significantly increased in group MN (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).There was no significant difference in the indexes mentioned above between groups N and C (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Morphine inhibits the differentiation of human T helper cells by activating opioid receptors,which may be related to the inhibition of GATA-3 and T-bet activities.

Acetaminophen ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Fever ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Ibuprofen ; therapeutic use ; Neonatology

AIM:To investigate the effects of microRNA-193 (miR-193) on the proliferation and apoptosis of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).METHODS:Cultured rat MSCs were transfected with pre-miR-193 or anti-miR-193 to regulate the expression of miR-193.The proliferation of the MSCs after transfection was evaluated by MTS assay, colorimetric BrdU cell proliferation assay and Ki-67 immunostaining.Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI staining.The effect of miR-193 on the expression of cell cycle-related proteins was evaluated by qRT-PCR.RESULTS:Transfection of pre-miR-193 or anti-miR-193 regulated the expression of miR-193 in MSCs effectively . Over-expression of miR-193 significantly promoted the proliferation of MSCs ( P<0.05 ) , and inhibition of miR-193 re-duced the proliferation of MSCs (P<0.05).miR-193 had no significant effect on the apoptosis of MSCs (P>0.05).The result of qRT-PCR indicated miR-193 promoted the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 ( CDK2 ) significantly ( P<0.01).CONCLUSION:miR-193 promotes the proliferation of MSCs possibly through the CDK 2 pathway.

Objective To observe the effect of Shengeyifei capsule on the inflammatory mediators in the airway and the pathology of the airway in the rat with chronic obstructive pulmonary diserse (COPD). Methods 60 SD rats were divided randomly into normal group, COPD model group, Jinshuibao control group and Shengeyifei groups. The COPD model was established by smoking and infusing lipopoly- saccharide (LPS). The level of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor ? (TNF-?) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured and the pathology of the airway and lung tissue was observed after treatment on the rats. Result The levels of IL-8 and TNF-? in Shengeyifei groups were lower than in COPD model group (P

Objective Taking methyl nonyl ketone as index to establish pharmacokinetic compartment model for study volatile oil from the whole herb of Houttuynia cordata by pharmacokinetic parameters in rabbits in vivo. Methods Using GC to determine the blood concentrations of methyl nonyl ketone in the volatile oil from whole herbs of H. cordata in rabbit plasma. The GC system used a capillary SPB-5 column and helium as carrier gas; the initial temperature was at 90 ℃, then raised to 190 ℃ by 10 ℃/min and kept for 5 min; the injector temperature was 250 ℃ and the FID detector temperature was 300 ℃; the injection volume was 5.0 ?L with splitless injection mode; n-hexane was used as solvent and n-pentadecane as interior standard substance. The blood concentration value of methyl nonyl ketone was fitted with 3P97 procedure. Results A capillary GC method was established for the detemination of methyl nonyl ketone in the volatile oil from whole herbs of H. cordata in rabbit plasma. Methyl nonyl ketone linearity was good (r=0.987 0) within 0.04—60.0 ?g/mL.The blood concentration-time course of precision in rabbit plasma conformed to two compartment model. Conclusion The experiment provides pharmacokinetic evidence for the rational administration and the further development of H. cordata and some methods for pharmacokinetic study of volatile oils from traditional Chinese medicinal materials.

Objective The transgenic Atractylodes macrocephala resistance to Rhizoctonia solani was obtained by gene engineering. Methods On the base of the efficient regeneration system of Baizhu via shoot organogenesis, the rice chitinase gene (RCH10) and the alfalfa ?-1, 3-glucanase gene (AGLU) were tandem-inserted into the transformation vector pB101, which was transformed into A. macrocephala with gene gun. Transformants were confirmed by PCR, GUS assay, and disease resistant. Results Twenty-five independent transformants possessed desired genes were observed by PCR detection, and among them five transformants exhibiting resistance to Rhizoctonia solani. Conclusion The disease resistant variety has been obtained by transformation, which provides a shorten avenue for the direct introduction of novel traits into A. macrocephala through genetic engineering without the need for numerous back-crossing in breeding programs that slow down cultivar improvement, meanwhile it improves disease resistant gene pool.