OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of stains on the purity detection results of human serum albumin by agarose gel electrophoresis, thus to select appropriate stain so that the detection result of agarose gel electrophoresis method can be basically consistent with the method specified in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis method. METHODS: Acid blue, amino black and ponceau were used in agarose gel electrophoresis to detect the purity of 30 batches of human serum albumin samples, and the results were compared with those obtained by cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis. RESULTS: Impurity bands could not be detected by ponceau stain; the results of amino black staining was significantly lower than that of cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis. There was no statistical difference between the results of amino black staining and cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis. The results of 25 batches of samples detected by cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis were within the 95% confidence interval of the results detected by amino black staining. CONCLUSION: The category of stain has great influence on the detected purity of human serum albumin when using agarose gel electrophoresis. The results of amino black staining is consistent with those of the method recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia in use.

Objective To investigate the effect of miR-145 on human lung adenocarcinaoma A549 cell proliferation and FSCN1 expression. Methods pmR-mcherry/miR-145 was constructed and transfected into A549 cell,then the expression of miR-145 and the proliferation of A549 cell were verified by QPCR and MTS assay, respectively.The situation of FSCN1 expression in A549 cell was detected by Western blot.Results pmR-mcherry/miR-145 vector was constructed successfully,and QPCR results indicated that miR-145 expressed effectively.Western blot results showed that FSCN1 was one of the targets of miR-145 in A549 cell.MTS assay results indicated that miR-145 inhibited the proliferation of A549 cell.Conclusion Overexpression of miR-145 can inhibit the proliferation of A549 cell, and FSCN1 was one of its target.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) on endometrial cancer cell.Methods In vitro experiments of 5-Aza-CdR were done using human endometrial cancer cell line HEC-1B.Evaluation of cellular proliferation and apoptosis was ascertained respectively using trypan blue exclusion and flow cytometry.RT-PCR and methylation specific PCR(MSP) was done to detect the expression of RASSF1 A mRNA and methylation status of RASSF1 A promoter of HEC-1B cell line.Results (1) The status of cellular growth and apeptosis of HEC-1 B cell line:the growth inhibition effects of 5-Aza-CdR on HEC-1B cell line were both concentration-dependent (P ＜ 0.01) and time-dependent(P ＜0.01),as well as the apoptosis rate of HBC-1-B cell line depended on the dose of 5-Aza-CdR obviously(P ＜0.01).(2)The expression of RASSF1A mRNA of HEC-1B cell line:RASSF1A mRNA was expressed in HEC-1B cell after 5-Aza-CdR treatment,but it was undetectable before the treatment.In the groups with different concentration of 5-Aza-CdR (0.05,0.1,1,5,10 nmol/ml),the expression of RASSF1A mRNA was respectively 0.074±0.004,0.105±0.004,0.167±0.006,0.334±0.005,0.484±0.007,which were remarkably different from the group without 5-Aza-CdR(the expression of RASSF1A mRNA was 0;P ＜ 0.01).(3) The hypermethylation of RASSF1A promoter of HEC-1B cell line:the hypermethylation of RASSF1A promoter was detected in HEC-1B cell line.The status of hypermethylation was decreased after treatment with 5-Aza-CdR of 0.05,0.1,1,5 nmol/ml,meanwhile,both methylation bands and demethylation bands were observed by methylation specific PCR.After the treatment with 5-Aza-CdR of 10 nmol/ml the hypermethylation was absent absolutely.Conclusions (1) In HEC-1B cell line,5-Aza-CdR can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apopotosis.(2) 5-Aza-CdR can renew the expression of RASSF1A mRNA of HEC-1B cell line and reverse the hypermethylation of RASSF1A promoter.

Objective To analyze the causes of preoperative misdiagnosis of primary gallbladder carcinoma,and the effective measures of prevention of the misdiagnosis.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinicalrecords of 52 cases with primary gallbladder carcinoma that had been treated in our hospital in 10 years,and analyzed the causes of misdiagnosis.Results Nineteen cases were diagnosed preoperatively(36.5%),while 33 cases were misdiagnosed before operation(63.5%),including misdiagnsed as cholecystolithiasisin 13 cases,gallbladder polyps in 8cases,atrophic cholecystitis in 4cases,hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma in 3 cases,tumor of liver in 4 cases,and Mirizzi syndrome in 1 case.There were 29 casesdiagnosed during operation(55.8%),and 4 cases misdiagnosed intratoperatively(7.7%).Misdiagnosiswas due to several reasons:complicated with other gallbladder disease,lack of distinctive clinical features of gallbladder carcinoma,over dependence on imaging methods,and not doing fast frozen section duringoperation in dubious cases.Conclusions In suspected cases with high risk of gallbladder cancer,imagingstudies should be performed,and,if necessary,invasive studies and even exploratory laparotomy should be done.Also,intraoperative rapid frozen section can result in early discovery and treatment,and is conducive to improvement of prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma.

The UK Ebola-countering Operation in Sierra Leone from September 2014 to November 2015 called Operation Gritrock and its countermeasures were briefly introduced , such as the national strategy , aero-maritime deployment , self medical support , base-oriented training and international cooperation .A comparative analysis was made of operations of the same type between the UK and China in terms of mission-orientation, command and control , deployment timeline , past experience, deployment routes, logistics and assistance effects.Four implications for China′s military function construction in future international disaster relief operations were also summarized at the strategic , operational and tactical levels .

Objective To investigate the variation of multivoxel 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1 H-MRS)before and after continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)treatment in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods Brain multivoxel 1 H-MRS examinations were performed in 25 cases of moderate or severe OSAHS patients before and after CPAP treat-ment,and 25 cases of healthy.The ratios of brain metabolites of the frontal lobe were recorded and analyzed respectively.To observe whether the lactate(Lac)peak appeared or not.Results In the frontal lobe,the NAA/Cr,NAA/Cho of the patients before treatment (2.021 2±0.231 2 and 1.608 8±0.257 1,respectively)was decreased compared with the healthy (2.726 8±0.607 1 and 2.445 6± 0.437 5).The NAA/Cr,NAA/Cho of the patients after treatment (2.314 0±0.312 8 and 2.01 6 4±0.424 0,respectively)was in-creased compared with the patients before treatment (2.021 2±0.231 2 and 1.608 8±0.257 1).The NAA/Cr,NAA/Cho of the pa-tients after treatment (2.314 0±0.312 8 and 2.01 6 4±0.424 0,respectively)was decreased compared with the healthy (2.726 8± 0.607 1 and 2.445 6±0.437 5),and the difierences were statistically significant (P <0.01).The Cho/Cr of the patients before treatment (1.293 2±0.261 5)was increased compared with the healthy (1.129 2±0.157 7),the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05).Lac peak was not detected in all.Conclusion Multivoxel 1 H-MRS can demonstrate sensitively the changes of brain metabolism in pa-tients with OSAHS before and after CPAP treatment,and may provide imaging evidence for clinical therapeutic effect and prognostic evaluation.

Aim To evaluate the effects of notoginsen-oside R1 on store-operated calcium entry ( SOCE ) in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells ( PASMCs ) of chronic hypoxia ( CH)-and monocrotaline ( MCT)-in-duced pulmonary hypertension ( PH) rats. Methods Mn2+ quenching of Fura-2 and measurement of intra-cellular free calcium concentration ( [ Ca2+] i ) using fluo-3 were examined in PASMCs of CH-exposed and MCT-treated rats. Results ①CH-exposed and MCT-treated rats exhibited profound PH when examined 3 weeks after hypoxia exposure or MCT injection, respec-tively. ②In the presence of 3 μmol·L-1 nifedipine, 10 μmol · L-1 notoginsenoside R1 significantly re-duced cyclopiazonic acid ( CPA )-induced the percent reduction in Fura-2 fluorescence measured 500 sec af-ter application of Mn2+, the maximal rate of Mn2+quenching, the amplitude of the Ca2+ influx transient and the resting [ Ca2+] i in PASMCs of CH-exposed and MCT-treated rats. Conclusion Notoginsenoside R1 inhibits SOCE and reduces resting [ Ca2+] i in PASMCs of CH-and MCT-induced PH rats.

Objective To investigate the antiviral efficacy of standard treatment with interferon (IFN)-α 2b and ribavirin (RBV) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) originating from a same blood donor.Methods The test group consisted of 65 CHC patients originating from a same blood donor,and was treated with IFN-α 2b 3-5 MU every other day in combination with RBV 0.6-1.0 g/d.Meantime,the control group consisted of 32 CHC patients who visited the Department of Infectious Diseases in Qiannan People's Hospital,and was treated with Peg-interferon (PEG-IFN)-α 2a 180 μg every week in combination with RBV 0.6-1.0 g/d.All the patients in the two groups were treated for 48 weeks and followed up for 96 weeks.Assessment indictors included sustained virological response (SVR),early virological response (EVR),end of treatment virological response (ETVR),biochemical response after withdrawal of treatment.Side effects during treatment were also evaluated.Measurement data were analyzed by x2 test.Results In test group,SVR rate was 83.1％ (54/65),EVR rate was 93.8％ (61/65),ETVR rate was 86.2％ (56/65) and biochemical response rate after withdrawal of treatment was 100.0％.In control group,SVR rate was 87.5％ (28/32),EVR rate was 96.9 ％ (31/32),ETVR rate was 90.6 ％ (29/32) and biochemical response rate after withdrawal of treatment was 100.0 ％.SVR rates of the two groups were not significantly different (x2 =0.072,P=0.086).Patients of the two groups were divided into two subgroups according to viral load:hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA＜1.0 × 106 copy/mL and HCV RNA≥1.0 × 106 copy/mL.SVR rates of patients with low and high viral load in test group were 88.9％ and 54.5％,respectively (x2=7.67,P=0.008),those in control group were 96.0％ and 57.1％,respectively (x2 =4.41,P=0.038).SVR rates were higher in the subgroup of patients with low viral load.Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were more common in control group than in test group (x2 =9.805,P =0.003 ; x2 =6.643,P=0.009).Conclusion IFN-α 2b and RBV combination therapy has similar antiviral efficacy to that of PEG-IFN-α 2a and RBV combination therapy,and has a lower rate of side effects as well.

Aim To evaluate the time-course curve of expression of TRPC1 and vascular tone of pulmonary arteries(PAs)mediated by SOCE in chronic hypoxia pulmonary hyperte-nsion rats.Methods Both tension of PA rings and expression of TRPC1 were tested in CH exposure (1 0.0 % ±0.5 %partialpressure ofoxygen ) induced pulmonary hypertensive (PH)rats,and the time-course curve(detected respectively in CH 1 ,3,5, 7,1 4,21 d)was traced.Results ①CH could up-regulate the mean right ventricular pressure(mRVSP) ,which was increased significantly on 1 d,and reached the maximum on 7d;right ventricular weight index (RV-MI)began increase on 3d,and kept rising;②semi-quantitative reverse transcription polyme-rase chain reaction (RT-PCR)was performed to detect the expression of TRPC1 in PAs.The expression of TRPC1 increased significantly on 1 d,and reached the maxi-mum on 3d;③CH could up-regulate the vascular tone of PAs mediated by SOCE,which was increased signif-icantly on 3d,and reached the maximum on 7d.Con-clusions TRPC1 /SOCE increases significantly in the early days of CH,and the time-course curve of the two has correlation,which reflects the important role of the upregulation of TRPC1 /SOCE in the process of chronic hypoxia pulmonary hypertension.

The stratum corneum barrier and the other issues in transdermal drug delivery system have attracted more and more at-tention, and the novel liposomes as the drug delivery vehicles effectively solve the problems. The novel liposomes can significantly im-prove transdermal drug penetration, therefore, can enhance efficacy and shows high application value and development prospects. In the paper, combined with some domestic and foreign current researches, the classification, penetration mechanisms and application of the novel liposomes were reviewed.