Current definition of apnea of prematurity (AOP) with the time of breathing cease equal or more than 20 seconds,or less than 20 seconds accompanying with bradycardia and(or) cyanosis was absence of strong clinical evidence and arbitrary.We have no consensus on the treatment of AOP,but severe AOP will lead to the intermittent hypoxic episodes(IHE) and severe fluctuation of oxygen saturation associated with severe retinopathy of prematurity and bad neurodevelopmental outcome.IHE occurred not only due to AOP,but also in the processes of continuous positive airway pressure and invasive ventilation.Decreasing the IHE is one of key problems of preterm respiratory support.Optimal target oxygen saturation should be regulated dynamically,the target oxygen saturation of 90％ ～ 95％ lowers IHE and mortality,but likely increases retinopathy of prematurity.Caffeine,the first choice of AOP,may be no of effect in the mixed or obstructive AOP which may need more respiratory support to reduce the lung volume loss and airway resistance.

Bacterial meningitis is one of the most common infectious diseases of the central nervous system in childhood,with high mortality and disability rate despite available treatment.Studies have shown that the host's immunity dysfunction after the infection plays a central role in neurological sequelae.The deposition and activation of complement component C3 on the bacterial surface is a key step in the complement cascade leading to elimination of the microbe,and the level of complement component C3 or C5 in cerebrospinal fluid may predict outcome of bacterial meningitis.After the microorganisms cross the blood-brain barrier,bacterial compounds are recognized by pattern recognition receptors,triggering the production of excessive cytokines,attracting leukocytes and generating oxidative stress,which contributes to neuron injury irreversibly.This review focuses on current research progress on immunology associated with pneumococcal meningitis.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty technique(PVP) in the patients with senile osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures (OVCFs) and to explore the main factors of PVP.Methods PVP treatment of OVCFs 46 cases,in the perspective of C-arm X-ray,bone cement as a filling material,transpedicular puncture and injection of 59 vertebrae.Results The pain in 35 cases(76.09％) OVCFs patients apparent ease or disappear,the remaining 11 cases of moderate relief;follow-up period(3 to 15)months(mean 8.6months).After X-ray review,the patient' s bone cement dispersion was good and has improved vertebral height has not been lost,activity and quality of life significantly inproved.Conclusion PVP is simple,less invasive,etc.,which can quickly reduce pain and improve their quality of life.

Despite that improved neonatal intensive care unit therapies have reduced the mortality of preterm neonates, neo-natal neurodevelopmental morbidity persists at high rates. There is increasing recognition that following perinatal brain injury, cognitive deifcits in preterm neonates can often occur in the absence of signiifcant impairment and cerebral palsy often due to non-severe white matter injury (WMI). Minicystic and diffusive white matter lesions that need MRI detecting make up the predominant role in the preterm brain injury. The target cells and tissue of WMI in the preterm infant not only focus to preoligodendrocytes and white matter, but also involve neurons and grey matter. In fact, brain developmental trajectory in the premature infant with WMI is a mixed disorder of destructive and dysmature processes. Current MRI applied with high resolution could detect the punctate and diffusive WMI at early stage, distinguish the hemorrhagic lesions from reactive gliosis, analyze cerebral metabolism, and even describe the developmental progresses of myelination, ifber tract, cortex and cerebral connectome. But the predictive value of dif-ferent MRI techniques in brain development requires more and long-term research through the all life stages.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of trimetazidine combined with atorvastatin in the treatment of patients with coronary heart disease and its influence on serum lipid and hemorheology.Methods 140 cases with coronary heart disease were randomly divided into two groups.The control group was given trimetazidine on the basis of the conventional treatment,while the observation group was given atorvastatin on the basis of the control group.The clinical efficacy,changes of hemorheology and blood lipid were compared between the two groups.Results The effective rate of the observation group was 95.71％,which was significantly higher than 77.14％ of the control group (x2 =10.620,P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,TC,TG,LDL-C and HDL-C of the observation group were (2.54 ± 0.32) mmol/L,(1.41 ± 0.32) mmol/L,(1.53 ± 0.33) mmol/L and (0.73 ± 0.35) mmol/L,which were significantly lower than those of the control group (t =7.42,8.09,8.11,9.03,all P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the nbh,nbl,np and HCT of the observation group were (5.11 ± 0.51) mPa/s,(8.03 ± 1.12) mPa/s,(1.02 ± 0.21) mPa/s and (40.34 ± 3.28) ％,which were significantly lower than those of the control group(t =8.33,9.14,8.08,9.44,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Trimetazidine combined with atorvastatin in the treatment of coronary heart disease can significantly improve patients' lipid and hemorheology,and it can be promoted and applied in clinical practice.

The isolation purification, iodination and identification of a-Bungarotoxin(a-BTX)were recorded.Purified a-BTX was prepared from the venom of Hunan Bu-ngarus multicinctus (Blyth) by CM-Sephadex C~50 ionexchange chromatography and Sephadex G~25 chromatography.The homogeneous a-BTX was obtained by rechromatography of purified ct-BTX (fraction 3) on a CM-Cellulose CM-32, and was labelled with 1251 by chloramine-T method.The 1251-?-BTX was then separated from Na125I and purified by Sephadex G-25 column.The results yield a specific activity of 90~100 Ci/mM.40~50% labelling.40~60% recovery of protein and less than 3 % contamination with free iodine in 125I-?-BTX.The purified a-BTX was identified by determining its N-terminal amino acid, amino acid composition, isoelectric and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Biological activity of the ?-BTX was determined by its toxicity to mice, its neuromuscular blocking action and binding to acetylcholine receptors at the motor entplate of the rat diaphragm.

The ascorbic acid contents of 48 kinds of wild vegetables, 8 kinds of tree leaves and 6 other plant materials were determined by the 2:0 dichloro-phenol indophenol titration method. Values higher than 100 mg% were Astragalus sinicus L., Lathyrus maritimus Bigel. and sixteen others. Values between 50-100 mg% were Matricaria chamomilla L., Lepidium virginicum L. and sixteen others. In general, wild vegetables and certain tree leaves contain more vitamin C than the usual cultivated plants.Vegetables (wild) and tree leaves collected in July appeared to contain less ascorbic acid than those collected during January to June. Vegetables (wild) grown in sunny places contained more ascorbic acid than those grown in shady ground. Most wild vegetables and tree leaves taken at different times of the year showed great variation (2-3 times) in ascorbic acid contents. Only a few showed little variation.

The present study describes the effects of carbamate anti-cholinesterase agents and other drugs on the binding sites and on the turnover of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (N-AChR). The direct binding studies with 125I-?-Bungarotoxin have shown that the neostigmine, prostigmine, pyridostigmine, and ambenonium specifically blockada the N-AChR binding sites, but physostigmine has no directly effect on the N-AChR binding sites.Small dose of ambenomine increases degradation rate of surface N-AChR and it decreases the rate of new N-AChR incorporation into membrane. The bindings of sodium phenobabital to N-AChR sites are very similar to those of d-tubocurarine. The parathion(E605)has no direct bindes to N-AChR sites. The density of extrajunc-tional N-AChR sites is increased and the RBI is 1.46.

The dynamic changes of the transcriptional activities of the nuclei of the rat liver and skeletal muscle cells were observed in the 6th, 12th, 24th, 48th, and 72nd hours after the animals were inflicted with 30% TBSA third degree burns.It was found that the incorporation of [3H]-UTP into the liver cell nuclei in vitro increased significantly in the 6th and 12th postburn hours. The peak of elevation occurred in the 6th hour postburn (from 7408 ?690 cpm/50?g DNA of normal to 10175 ? 1227 cpm/50?g DNA, P

The present study reports direct effects of allosteric snake neurotoxin (MN-81) on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (N-AChR) and on the transmission of nuro-muscular junction. when one dose of MN-81 with 50 ?g/kg body weight was injected into the mice, the number of N-AChR binding sites was not changed. when one dose of MN-81 with 250 ng/kg body weight was injected, 23 per cent of total N-AChR were occupied by MN-81 molecules. But when repeated injection of MN-81 was carried out N-AChR binding sites were increased by about 34 percent. Assay of phrenic nerve-diaphragm showed that the low close of MN-81 increased contractile amplitude of isolated rat diaphragm and rabbit diaphragm in situ, while an increase in the concentration of MN-81 (10-4g/ml) led to blockade of nuromus-cular transmission.