Objective To study the best position for children to transfusing mannitol by venous, and then reduce the incidence rate of complication. Method Divided children into 3 groups according to the injection point. There were 69 cases in the A group, the injection points included cephalic vein, basilic vein, median cubital vein and the external jugular vein. There were 46 cases in the B group, the injection points included vein of forehead, superficial temporal vein and the posterior auricular vein. There were 63 cases in the C group, the injection points included dorsal vein. Results The condition of transfusing mannitol by venous in the A group were significant better than those of in the B and C group,P

Objective To investigate the lipid hepatoprotective effect of silibinin on high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) rat model and provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of silibinin on NAFL.Methods The NAFL rat model was established by administration of high fat emulsion and high fat diet.Rats in control group was treated with saline and normal diet.The model rats were randomly divided into model group,simvastatin (positive drug,1.8 mg/kg) group,Silibinin groups with low,middle and high doses (18.9,37.8 and 75.6 mg/kg).From the fifth week,NAFLrats were treated with different drugsonce a day for eight weeks.All rats were anaesthetized after final administration,Livertissues were weighed for the calculation of hepatic coefficient The hepatic morphology was observed through HE staining.Serum was obtained from abdominal aortic blood for detection of triglyceride separation (TG),total cholesterol (TC),high density lipoprotein (HDL),low-density lipoprotein (LDL),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels.Results After eight-week treatment,compared with model group,middle and high doses of silibinin could significantly improve the hepatic steatosis.The levels of hepatic coefficient,serum TC,TG,AST and ALT in rats treated with individual dose of Silibinin were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05,0.01).Particularly,high dose of silibinin significantly reduced LDL level whereas elevated HDL level in serum (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Silibinin has a therapeutic effect on nonalcoholic fatty liver rats,and possible mechanism is related to lipid-lowering and hepatic protection.

Objective To determine the influencing factors on informed consent associated with decline or delay of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).Methods This study was conducted in Peking University People′s Hospital from 1 August, 2014 to 31 March, 2016, with 229 consecutive cases of acute STEMI enrolled in the study.Data were collected by reviewing medical records and STEMI treatment time records.180 patients with ischemic symptoms ≤12 hours were included in the final analysis.Patients were divided into the consent group and the refusal group according to the final decision.For patients who received primary PCI, they were further categorized into two groups based on the 30min cut-off time.Results Among the 180 STEMI patients reviewed, 139 patients agreed to primary PCI and the remaining 41 patients refused primary PCI.Multivariate logistic analysis showed that symptom relief (OR 5.532, 95% CI 1.165-26.278, P=0.031) and history of chronic kidney disease (OR 4.786, 95% CI 1.346-17.011, P=0.016) were predictors of dissent of primary PCI.Self-rated symptoms severity (OR 0.094, 95% CI 0.034-0.260, P<0.001)was predictor of consent to primary PCI.106 patients had complete time point records of informed consent in the consent group (n=139).Among these patients, the median informed consent delay was 24 min.64 patients made a decision within 30 minutes, and the other 42 patients had their decision made beyond 30 minutes.Symptom-to-door time ≥4 hours (OR 4.563,95% CI 1.682-12.385, P=0.003) was independent predictor of informed consent delay.Conclusions Patients with resolved symptoms, self-rated mild symptoms or renal insufficiency were more inclined to refuse primary PCI.For patients who eventually received primary PCI, symptom-to-door time ≥4 hours was the independent predictor of informed consent delay.

Statins, as the first-line anti-atherosclerosis drugs, are of significant benefit in reducing the risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. However, many studies have shown that the patient adherence to statin is poor in clinical practice, and many cardiovascular patients abruptly discontinue therapy. Acute withdrawal of statin therapy may have a rebound effect on patient outcomes, and clinicians should pay attention to statin withdrawal syndrome to avoid its occurence.