Objective To investigate the correlation between mucosal healing after treatment and prognosis of ulcerative colitis (UC).Methods UC patients who were remitted after treatment (n =82) were divided into MH group(A:DA1,0-1 ; Geboes,0-1) and non-MH group (B:DAI,0-1 ; Geboes,2-5) according to the assessment and were followed up for 2 years.The baseline characteristics,histological parameters,serologic indices (albumin,ESR,CRP,ANCA,IL-1 β,IL-6 and IL-15) at 0,12,24 months or recurrence and hospitalization,colon surgery,colon cancer were recorded.The correlation between mucosal healing and prognosis were assessed.Results There were no significant differences between group A and B in recurrence rate and recurrence time(P ＞ 0.05).The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that gender (female),past recurrence,pANCA and basal plasmacytosis were independent risk factors for recurrence of UC (P ＜ 0.05).The rehospitalization rate [27.5％ (group A) VS 44.1％ (group B) ; P =0.018 ; OR=2.24,95％CI (1.11-3.98)] and colectomy rate [0％ (group A) VS 17.6％ (group B); P=0.035; OR =5.43,95％ CI (2.14-7.64)] between groups have significant differences,however,rates of cancer [0％ (group A) VS 2.7％ (group B) ; P=0.643; OR =3.43,95％CI (0.14-7.64)] were not significantly different.Conclusion Mucosal healing after treatment is associated with UC prognosis.