OBJECTIVE: To review the current research of tissue engineered venous valve at home and abroad, to analyze the developing trend of tissue engineered venous valve in the clinical application.METHODS: A computer retrieve was performed among PubMed, ProQuest Health & Medical Complete database, Springer English Academic Journal Full-text database, Elsevier Full-text database between January 2000 and August 2009, with the key words of "tissue engineering venous valve", and the language was limited to English. At the same time, Chongqing VIP database, Qinghua Academic Journals Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature database were also screened on computer by using the

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of clinical pathway teaching method in standardized training of general practitioners in gastroenterology.Methods:From 2018 to 2019, 40 residents who participated in the standardized training of general practitioners in the Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital Qingpu Branch, Fudan University Medical College were randomized into the experimental group and the control group. The residents of the experimental group were trained by clinical pathway teaching method, while the control group were trained by traditional methods. After 6 weeks' teaching, theoretical examination, operation skills and case analysis test were assessed and satisfaction surveys were conducted.Results:The operation skills and case analysis scores of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group [operation test (91.50±2.77) vs. (89.80±3.74), P<0.01; case analysis (92.10±1.98) vs. (86.40±2.87), P<0.01]. The teaching satisfaction of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). Conclusion:The teaching model of clinical pathway can improve the teaching quality of the residents in the department of gastroenterology, improve the satisfaction of the doctors in the training, and broaden clinical thinking, which is worthy of promotion in clinical teaching.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), a malignant tumor worldwide consists of microsatellite instability (MSI) and stable (MSS) phenotypes. Although SHP2 is a hopeful target for cancer therapy, its relationship with innate immunosuppression remains elusive. To address that, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to explore the role of SHP2 in all cell types of tumor microenvironment (TME) from murine MC38 xenografts. Intratumoral cells were found to be functionally heterogeneous and responded significantly to SHP099, a SHP2 allosteric inhibitor. The malignant evolution of tumor cells was remarkably arrested by SHP099. Mechanistically, STING-TBK1-IRF3-mediated type I interferon signaling was highly activated by SHP099 in infiltrated myeloid cells. Notably, CRC patients with MSS phenotype exhibited greater macrophage infiltration and more potent SHP2 phosphorylation in CD68⁺ macrophages than MSI-high phenotypes, suggesting the potential role of macrophagic SHP2 in TME. Collectively, our data reveals a mechanism of innate immunosuppression mediated by SHP2, suggesting that SHP2 is a promising target for colon cancer immunotherapy.