Objective To prepare a new type of chitosans nanoparticles(PEG/CS-EPI NPs),which contains epirubicin and modified by PEG.Furthermore,to investigate the anticancer activity of the NPs in vitro and in vivo.Methods The ionic gelation technique was employed to prepare the PEG/CS-EPI NPs and CS-EPI NPs.The particle size and shape were illustrated respectively by laser scattering and transmission electron microscopy.The proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells was detected by MTT assay;The mouse model of implantation murine sarcoma cells(S-180) was applied to evaluate the anticancer effectiveness of PEG/CS-EPI NPs and CS-EPI NPs in vivo.Results The PEG modified CS NPs were discrete and uniform spheres with average diameter of 322.1 nm.The rate of drug loading and encapsulation is 13% and 74% respectively.The results of the anticancer tests showed a sustained cytotoxicity of loading drug NPs on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in vitro and the stealth nanoparticles was more powerful than ordinary nanoparticles on the inhibitory potency in vivo.Conclusion Stealth chitosan nanoparticles as compared with ordinary chitosan nanoparticles seems to be a potential candidate of chemotherapy drug carriers.

Objective: To investigate the role and mechanism of histamine in regulation of C57BL/6 mice spleen derived LAK activity in vivo. Methods: The C57BL/6 mice carrying B16 pulmonary metastatic melanoma were treated with LAK/IL 2/histamine therapy or LAK/IL 2 therapy with the aim of evaluating both anti tumor responses in vivo. Results: It was found that the addition of histamine effectively potentiated the anti metastatic effect produced by LAK/IL 2 therapy and induced regression of NK resistant B16 pulmonary metastatic melanoma. Survival period was significantly prolonged in mice receiving LAK/IL 2/histamine as compared with LAK/IL 2 therapy alone. The effect of histamine was completely blocked by H 2 R antagonist ranitidine, and mimicked by dimaprit, a H 2 R agonist. Conclusion:Histamine, via specific activation of H 2 R, may be an important regulator of LAK cells activity; histamine and LAK/IL 2 synergistically induce more potent antitumor efficacy in vivo .

[Objective] To investigate the clinical features and treatment of renal cell carcinoma unclassified with medullary phenotype (RCCU-MP), so as to improve the clinical understanding of this disease. [Methods] The clinical data of 2 patients with pathological diagnosis of renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) in Zhujiang Hospital during 2019 and 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, and relevant literature was reviewed. [Results] Both patients had symptoms of backache, and imaging examination indicated renal space-occupying lesions.Case 1 was diagnosed as RMC by renal biopsy, and case 2 was pathologically diagnosed as RMC after surgery.Both cases lacked evidence of sickle cell trait or sickle cell disease, and were finally diagnosed as RCCU-MP.Case 1 did not receive antineoplastic therapy and died 5 months after diagnosis.Case 2 underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy, and then received gemcitabine + paclitaxel chemotherapy + immunotherapy.The patient's tumor progressed gradually after first-line treatment was abandoned due to concurrent hematologic infection, and he eventually died 7 months after surgery. [Conclusion] The clinical features of RCCU-MP are partially similar to those of RMC.The diagnosis of RCCU-MP requires pathological examinations and should exclude sickle cell trait or sickle cell disease.Due to the aggressive nature of the tumor, the prognosis of patients is poor.