Objective To analyze the volatile composition in the leaves of Sabina chinensis L. Ant. and Sabina chinensis L. Ant. cv. Kaizuca and to study their effects on bacteria. Methods GC-MS was employed in the analysis of volatile composition and four kinds of bacteria were used for testing the sterilization and bacteriostasis of the volatile oil. Results The main substance in volatile oil from the two kinds of plants, Sabina chinensis L. Ant. and Sabina chinensis L. Ant. cv. Kaizuca, was bornyl acetate and the percentage was 38.1% and 46.5% respectively. In addition, in the volatile oil from Sabina chinensis L. Ant. contained 24% of phellandrne and 12.4% of p-menth-l-en-4-o1, as for Sabina chinensis L. Ant. cv. Kaizuca, 30.0% of limonene and 7.9% of ?-pinene were contained. The volatile oil from Sabina chinensis L. Ant. had greater effects of bacteriostasis and sterilization on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli compared with Sabina chinensis L. Ant. cv. Kaizuca. Conclusion Compared with Sabina chinensis L. Ant. cv. Kaizuca, the effects of sterilization and bacteriostasis of volatile oil from Sabina chinensis L. Ant. are much greater and with a larger spectrum of bacteria.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on the cell cycle and microfilament cytoskeleton in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line(CNE1),as well as possible mechanisms. METHODS The variation of cell cycle and microfilament cytoskeleton in CNE1 were observed using the flow cytometry (FCM),the laser scanning confocal microscopy(LSCM)and technology of fluorescence.RESULTS FCM showed that the proportion of G1 phase cells significantly increased in cells exposed to 2 and 4?mol/L As2O3(P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the digit ratio of men who have sex with men (MSM), and the relationship between digit ratio and the partner types of MSM.

METHODSParticipants were required from Yunnan Rainbow Sky, a community organization that specialized in HIV testing, intervention and counseling services for MSM between December 2014 and April 2015. Inclusion criteria of MSM as the following: more than 18 years old; men who have had sex with men; HIV test was negative. Exclusion criteria were as this: those who couldn't attend the research due to disability. Eventually, there were 115 MSM participated in the research. According to the nationality, we adopted 1:1 matched case-control study, and we selected 115 men as control group. According to the partner number of MSM, the MSM were divided into two groups. One group was fixed partner and another was multi-partner. We used a questionnaire to collect the demographic characteristics, knowledge about HIV/AIDS, sexual behaviors during nearly 6 months, sexual orientation, the places where looked for sex partners, sex roles, drug use, preventive services etc. Then, the physical measurements were used to measure the length from second to the fifth finger in MSM group and control group. The results were expressed as nD. The chi-square test was used to compare the demographic differences between MSM group and the control group, and the T-test was used to compare the digit ratio between two groups.

RESULTSAmong 115 MSM, there were 26% (30/115) MSM who had a fixed partner, and there were 74% (85/115) MSM who had multi-partner. The mean values of digit ratio of MSM presented a trend as 2D:3D < 2D:4D < 3D:4D < 2D:5D < 4D:5D < 3D:5D. The right 2D:4D and 2D:5D of MSM were 0.957 7 ± 0.048 1 and 1.229 8 ± 0.083 4, and the mean value was significasntly higher than control group (0.941 4 ± 0.038 0 and 1.204 1 ± 0.069 5, t values were 2.84, 2.54 and P values were 0.005, 0.012). The right 2D:4D of the fixed partner group and multi-partner group among MSM were 0.962 2 ± 0.051 0 and 0.956 1 ± 0.047 3, respectively, and the mean values were significantly higher than control group (t values were 2.98, 2.83; P values were 0.027, 0.015).

CONCLUSIONThe proportion of multi-partner MSM was higher, so MSM at a high risk of being HIV infected. Right 2D:4D could be used as a biomarker of the MSM in Kunming, but couldn't reflect the features of MSM whether he has a fixed partner or has several partners.

Case-Control Studies ; China ; Fingers ; anatomy & histology ; HIV Infections ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Risk-Taking ; Sexual Partners ; Surveys and Questionnaires

HIV Antibodies ; chemistry ; HIV Infections ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Pharmacies ; Pilot Projects ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; Saliva ; chemistry

Objective:To observe the effect of pyrimidine bundle-binding protein-associated splicing factors (PSF) on the function of hypoxia-induced human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMECs).Methods:A three-plasmid system was used to construct lentivirus (LV)-PSF. After LV-PSF infected hRMECs in vitro, the infection efficiency was measured by flow cytometry. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of PSF mRNA in hRMECs infected with LV-PSF. The experiment was divided into two parts, in vivo and in vitro. In vivo experiments: 20 healthy C57B/L6 mice at the age of postnatal 7 were randomly divided into normal group, oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) group, OIR+LV-Vec group, and OIR+LV-PSF group, each group has five mice. Mice in 3 groups were constructed with OIR models except the normal group and the mice in OIR group were not treated. The mice in the OIR + LV-Vec group and the OIR+LV-PSF group were injected with an empty vector (LV-Vec) or LV-PSF in the vitreous cavity, respectively. The effect of LV-PSF on the formation of retinal neovascularization (RNV) was observed then. In vitro experiments: hRMECs were divided into normal group, hypoxia group, vector group, and PSF high expression group. HRMECs in the normal group were cultured in vitro; hRMECs in the hypoxic group were restored to normal culture conditions for 3 h after 3 h of hypoxia stimulation; hRMECs in the vector group and PSF high expression group were infected with LV-Vec and LV-PSF for 48 h, and hRMECs were returned to normal culture conditions for 24 h with hypoxia stimulation for 3 h. The effect of PSF on cell proliferation was observed by MTT colorimetry. Cell scratch test and Transwell migration experiment were used to observe the effect of PSF on cell migration ability under hypoxia stimulation. RT-PCR was used to observe the mRNA expression of HIF-1α, VEGF and PSF in each group of cells.Results:The LV-PSF of stably expressing PSF was successfully constructed. The infection efficiency was 97% determined by flow cytometry. The level of PSF mRNA in hRMECs infected with LV-PSF was significantly increased and detected by RT-PCR. In vivo experiments: The RNV area of the mice in the OIR group and the OIR + LV-Vec group was significantly increased compared to the normal group ( t=18.31, 43.71), and the RNV area of the mice in the OIR + LV-PSF group was smaller than that in the OIR group ( t=11.30) and OIR + The LV-Vec group ( t=15.47), and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). In vitro experiments: MTT colorimetry results showed that the proliferative capacity of hRMECs in the hypoxic group was significantly enhanced compared with the normal group ( t=2.57), and the proliferative capacity of hRMECs in the PSF high expression group was significantly lower than that of the normal, hypoxic, and vector groups ( t=5.26, 5.46, 3.73), the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The results of cell scratch test showed that the hRMECs could be stimulated by the hypoxia stimulation for 3 hours to restore the normal condition for 24 hours or 48 hours ( t=8.35, 13.84; P<0.05). Compared with the vector group, cell migration rate in the PSF-high expression group was not significant ( t=10.99, 18.27, 9.75, 8.93, 26.94, 7.01; P<0.05). Transwell experiments showed that the number of cells stained on the microporous membrane was higher in the normal group and the vector groups, while the number of cells stained in the PSF high expression group was significantly reduced ( t=9.33, 6.15; P<0.05). The results of RT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in hRMECs in the hypoxic and vector groups increased significantly compared with the normal group ( t=15.23, 21.09; P<0.05), but no change in the mRNA expression of PSF ( t=0.12, 2.15; P>0.05); compared with the hypoxia group and the vector group, the HIF-1α and VEGF mRNA expression in hRMECs in the PSF high expression group were significantly decreased ( t=10.18, 13.10; P<0.05), but the PSF mRNA expression increased ( t=65.00, 85.79; P<0.05). Conclusion:PSF can reduce the RNV area in OIR model mice. PSF may inhibit hypoxia-induced proliferation and migration of hRMECs through the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the protection and the corresponding molecular mechanisms of polypyramidine tract binding protein-associated splicing factor (PSF) overexpression on human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMECs) induced by advanced glycation end-products (AGEs).Methods:The hRMECs were divided into the normal group, the vector group, PSF group, zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) group and PSF+ZnPP group for experiment. Cells in the normal group were cultured in a DMEM medium containing 10% fetal calf serum, penicillin/streptomycin, and placed in a closed constant temperature incubator at 37 °C, 95% air, and 5% CO 2. Cells in the vector group were infected with empty lentivirus. The cells in the PSF group were infected with overexpressing PSF lentivirus. Cells in the ZnPP group were treated with ZnPP (10 mol/L) for 2 h. The PSF+ZnPP group cells were infected with overexpressing PSF lentivirus, and then pretreated with ZnPP (10 mol/L) for 2 h. With the last four groups of cells stimulated with AGEs, HE, Hoechst33258 staining and flow cytometry were used to observe the protective effect of high expression of PSF on cell damage and the antagonistic effect of ZnPP on PSF. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), phosphorylated (p) extracellular regulatory protein kinase (ERK), and Nrf2 in the cells. U0126, a specific antagonist of ERK pathway, was introduced, and Western blot verified the reversal effect of U0126 on the expression of HO-1 induced by PSF protein. Results:HE staining and Hoechst33258 staining showed that the number of nuclei of damaged cells of PSF group were significantly increased compared with control group, while decreased compared with PSF+ZnPP group ( F=27.5, 38.7; P<0.05). The results of flow cytometry showed that the ROS produced by cells in the PSF group was significantly increased compared to the normal group, and significantly decreased compared to the PSF+ZnPP group, the difference was statistically significant ( F=126.4, P<0.05). Western blot results showed that HO-1 expression of PSF group was significantly increased compared with control and the vector group ( F=70.1, P<0.05). AGEs inducement of 30, 60, 120 and 240 min could significantly improve pERK expression compared with 15 min ( F=474.0, P<0.05). The expression of HO-1 and Nrf2 proteins in the PSF+/U0126- group was significantly more than those in the PSF-/U0126-group, the expression of HO-1 and Nrf2 proteins in the PSF+/U0126+ group was significantly lower than that in the PSF+/U0126- group, and the differences were statistically significant ( F=30.2, 489.4; P<0.05). Conclusion:Over expression of PSF can promote the HO-1 expression by activating ERK pathway and promoting the Nrf2 to the nucleus, thus protect hRMECs against AGEs-induced oxidative damage.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the characteristics of risky behaviors among different age groups of HIV positive female sex workers, and to explore the strengthening of their management.

METHODSFrom January to June 2014, 22 814 female sex workers were investigated and tested HIV in 117 sentinel surveillance sites in Yunnan Province, and 181 were confirmed to be HIV antibody positive, who accepted questionnaire surveys. According to the age, the participants were divided into the < 35 years old age group and ≥ 35 years old age group. The demographic characteristics, knowledge about HIV/AIDS and related risk behaviors characteristics of the two groups were obtained via questionnaire surveys among 181 HIV positive female sex workers, and in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted from among 12 HIV positive sex workers.

RESULTSHIV antibody positive rate was 0.8% (181), the age of the 181 subjects were (35.83 ± 9.17) years old, 76 cases (42.0%) were < 35 years old, and 105 cases (58.0%) were ≥ 35 years old. The differences of marital status, workplace class, the last work site among two groups were statistically significant (χ(2) = 20.80, 28.32, 7.83; P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.020, respectively). Among 181 HIV, the proportion of AIDS awareness was 95.6% (173); the proportion of drug use among ≥ 35 years old age group was 51.4% (54), which was higher than that in < 35 years old age group (34.2%, 26/76) (χ(2) = 5.30, P = 0.021). 96.7% (175) received condom promotion or HIV counseling and testing in the past year. The proportion of continuing to engage in sexual services over 5 years after HIV infection was 48.5% (51/105) and the proportion of receiving antiretroviral treatment was 69.5% (73/105) in ≥ 35 years old age group, which were higher than those in the < 35 age group (30.2% (23/76), 52.6% (40/76); χ(2) = 12.26, 5.36; P = 0.002, 0.021, respectively). In-depth interviews among 12 HIV positive female sex workers found that regular clients, not consistent use of condoms were the main cause of no condom use. Economic and livelihood factors are important reasons for continuing to engage in sexual services among HIV positive sex workers.

CONCLUSIONHIV positive sex workers still have high risk behaviors including continuing to engage in commercial sexual service and no condom use after knowing their HIV infection status, and the proportion of using drugs in the ≥ 35 years old group was higher than that in < 35 years old group.

Adult ; China ; Condoms ; Female ; HIV Seropositivity ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Safe Sex ; Sex Workers ; statistics & numerical data ; Sexual Behavior ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Surveys and Questionnaires