Objective To investigate the value of electronic rectosigmoidoscopy in health examinations.Methods Based on retrospective analysis of 30 250 patients who received electronic rectosigmoidoscopy in the Physical Examination Center of our hospital from May 2010 to Dec.2013,the incidence of anal disease and sigmoid colon disease were analyzed.Results The highest detection rate of common diseases was hemorrhoids,followed by proctopolyps,hypertrophy of anal papilla,proctitis,anal fissure,melanosis coli and colonic tumor.The detectable rate of them were 55.57％ (16 810/30 250),10.57％ (3 196/30 250),5.03％ (1 523/30 250),0.69％ (210/30 250),0.54％ (162/30 250),0.29％ (87/30 250),0.09％ (28/30 250),0.04％ (13/30 250),0.02％ (6/30 250).Conclusion Electronic colonoscopy for colorectal polyps,rectal cancer,colon melanosis and proctitis detection rate was significantly higher than the anus digital rectal examination,the difference is statistically significant,and it also has merits of simplicity,noninvasiveness and rapidity.