Objective To study the stability of Qingkailing injection, Qingkailing and dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection in compatibility of 0.9% sodium chloride injection, 5% glucose injection, 10% glucose injection, glucose and sodium chloride injection. Methods Such changes as appearance, pH, and insoluble particulate were observed at the room temperature after mixing together of the Qing Kai Ling Injection, Qingkailing and dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection with 0.9% sodium chloride injection, 5% glucose injection, 10% glucose injection, glucose and sodium chloride injection. Results Dexamethasone sodium phosphate did not affect the stability of the Qingkailing. The PH value of Qingkailing stayed at 6.4～7.0 after being mixed with four kinds of solutions. The compatibility solutions had no significant change in appearance, met to the requirements of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia insoluble particle detection specification Conclusion Qing Kai Ling Injection, Qing Kai Ling and dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection can be used together with solvent compatibility of 0.9% sodium chloride injection, 5% glucose injection, 10% glucose injection, glucose and sodium chloride injection within 8 h.

Objective To explore the preventive effect of standardized skin care on reducing the incidence of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) in patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods Totally 100 patients who had developed urinary and fecal incontinence from May 2016 to May 2017 in Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital were selected and received standardized skin care. The incidence and severity of IAD in these patients were observed. Results Totally 31 patients developed IAD, accounting for 31%. Among them, 22 patients showed a mild level, 6 showed a medium level, and 5 showed a severe level. Conclusions Standardized skin care has a good preventive effect on reducing the incidence of IAD in ICU patients.

Objective To acquire the external contour changes and positioning errors during fractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma using kilovoltage cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT),and to analyze their effects on the dose distributions in target areas and organs-at-risk.Methods Twenty-one patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were enrolled in the study,and the positioning errors in the left-right,superior-inferior and anterior-posterior directions were obtained by matching 137 CBCT images with the positioning CT images.The transverse width of the external contour was measured at 3 different layers of the neck,and its effects on positioning errors were analyzed using Pearson's coefficient and independent sample t-tests.Additionally,simulation plans based on CBCT images were created to analyze the effects of positioning errors and external contour changes on radiotherapy dose,with Mann-Whitney U tests applied for significance analysis.Results The positioning errors in the left-right,superior-inferior and anterior-posterior directions were(1.04±0.73),(1.13±0.87)and(1.38±0.95)mm,respectively.The rates of external contour changes at the A,B and C layers of the head and neck were 15.36%,14.94%and 14.99%,respectively.Compared with executed plans,simulation plans had lower GTV D98,CTV1 D95 and CTV2 D95(P<0.05),and higher Dmax for the brainstem and spinal cord(P<0.05).Conclusion The simulation plans indicate that the presence of uncertainties such as positioning errors and external contour changes will significantly affect dose distributions in target areas,with the largest decrease observed in GTV D98(11.49%)and the maximum change rates in CTV1 D95 and CTV2 D95 being 12.88%and 21.64%,respectively.Except for the left and right lenses and left parotid gland,significant differences are observed in the doses for the other organs-at-risk and target areas,suggesting that positioning errors and external contour changes in actual radiotherapy will exert significant effects on dose distributions.