Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to determine quantitatively the extent of coverage of the Hong Kong Laboratory Accreditation Scheme (HOKLAS 015) requirements by guidance checklists (HOKLAS 016‑02 and HOKLAS 021). Methods: The level of conformance requirement coverage of HOKLAS 015 by HOKLAS 016‑02 and HOKLAS 021 was calculated by an evaluation checklist based on conformance requirements in HOKLAS 015. A distribution analysis of conformance requirements relating to the International Standard ISO 15189:2012 process‑based quality management system model was also performed to elicit further coverage information. Results: HOKLAS 016‑02 was found to provide coverage of 76% while HOKLAS 021 was found to provide coverage of 11%. HOKLAS 015 was also found to have a distribution coverage of 78% relating to the International Standard ISO 15189:2012 process‑based quality management system model. Conclusion The results of this analysis should be of value to medical laboratories wishing to maintain the internal auditability required by HOKLAS 015 by gaining an awareness of the extent of coverage provided by HOKLAS 016‑02 and HOKLAS 021.
Accreditation ; Management Audit

ISO9000 quality management system (ISO9000QMS) emphasize on the customer-oriented, managers' leadership and all staff's joining, adopt the process method and system management, spread the taking facts as a basis to make decision and improve consistently, and establish win-win relation with the suppliers. So, the digital hospital can adopt the ISO9000QMS. In order to establish the ISO9000QMS, the digital hospital should: (1) Design integrally, including analyzing the operation procedure, clarifying the job duties, setting up the spreading team and setting the quality policy and objectives: (2) Learning the ISO9000 quality standards; (3) Drawing up the documents, including the quality manual, program files and operation guiding files; (4) Training according the documents; (5) Executing the quality standard, including the service quality auditing, quality record auditing and quality system auditing; (6) Improving continually. With the establishment of ISO900QMS, the digital hospital can appraise more accurately, analyze quality matters statistically and avoid the interference of artificial factors.
Hospital Administration ; legislation & jurisprudence ; standards ; Hospitals, Public ; legislation & jurisprudence ; standards ; Management Audit ; standards ; Quality Assurance, Health Care ; organization & administration ; Quality Control ; Total Quality Management ; methods ; standards

ISO9000 quality management system (ISO9000QMS) emphasize on the customer-oriented, managers' leadership and all staff's joining, adopt the process method and system management, spread the taking facts as a basis to make decision and improve consistently, and establish win-win relation with the suppliers. So, the digital hospital can adopt the ISO9000QMS. In order to establish the ISO9000QMS, the digital hospital should: (1) Design integrally, including analyzing the operation procedure, clarifying the job duties, setting up the spreading team and setting the quality policy and objectives: (2) Learning the ISO9000 quality standards; (3) Drawing up the documents, including the quality manual, program files and operation guiding files; (4) Training according the documents; (5) Executing the quality standard, including the service quality auditing, quality record auditing and quality system auditing; (6) Improving continually. With the establishment of ISO900QMS, the digital hospital can appraise more accurately, analyze quality matters statistically and avoid the interference of artificial factors.
Hospital Administration/legislation & jurisprudence ; Hospital Administration/*standards ; Hospitals, Public/legislation & jurisprudence ; Hospitals, Public/*standards ; Management Audit/*standards ; Quality Assurance, Health Care/*organization & administration ; Quality Control ; Total Quality Management/methods ; Total Quality Management/*standards

Efficiency of the hospitals affects the price of health services. Health care payments have equity implications. Evidence on hospital performance can support to design the policy; however, the recent literature on hospital efficiency produced conflicting results. Consequently, policy decisions are uncertain. Even the most of evidence were produced by using data from high income countries. Conflicting results were produced particularly due to differences in methods of measuring performance. Recently a management approach has been developed to measure the hospital performance. This approach to measure the hospital performance is very useful from policy perspective to improve health system from cost-effective way in low and middle income countries. Measuring hospital performance through management approach has some basic characteristics such as scoring management practices through double blind survey, measuring hospital outputs using various indicators, estimating the relationship between management practices and outputs of the hospitals. This approach has been successfully applied to developed countries; however, some revisions are required without violating the fundamental principle of this approach to replicate in low- and middle-income countries. The process has been clearly defined and applied to Nepal. As the results of this, the approach produced expected results. The paper contributes to improve the approach to measure hospital performance.
*Developing Countries ; Efficiency, Organizational/*classification ; Hospital Administration/*classification ; Hospitals/*classification ; Management Audit/methods/*organization & administration ; Nepal ; Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)/methods/*organization & administration