Objective To explore the risk factors in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus with cerebral infarction. Methods Retrospective investigarion was performed on 148 elderly hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes.The patients were classified based on the presence or absence of cerebral infarction and compared with 60 controls.Logis- tic regression analysis was used to reveal the risk factors for cerebral infarction.Results The levels of systolic blood pressure(SBP),body mass index (BMI),fasting blood glucose (FBG),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG) and plasma fibrinogen(Fg) were higher in the patients with cerebral infarction[141.15?17.46)mmHg,(23.81?3.53)kg/m~2,(8.82?2.81)mmol/L,(5.69?1.15)mmol/L,(2.08?0.75)mmol/L and (4.08?0.65)g/L] than those without cerebral infarction[(129.78?14.65) mmHg,(22.18?3.22)kg/m~2,(7.06?1.72 )mmol/L,(5.09?1.12)mmol/L,(1.62?0.43)mmol/L and (3.48?0.58)g/L].The logistic analysis showed COUR,SBP,FBG, TC,TG and Fg were the independent risk factors for cerebral infarction.Conclusion Early intervention of the inde- pendent risk factors including SBP,FBG,TC,TG and Fg in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes was important for reduction and postponement of cerebral infarction.

Objective To study the relationship between the levels of uric acid in type 2 diabetic patients aged over forty years and lower extremity arterial disease(LEAD).Methods Lower extremities of 212 patients with type 2 diabetes were detected by high resolution color Doppler ultrasonography,and the levels of uric acid,fasting blood glucose and serum lipid were examined,which were applied to anylaze the relationship with diversity process of lower extremity arterial disease.Results The uric acid,low-density lipoproteins cholesterol(LDL-C),body mass in- dex(BMI),age and course in lower extremity arterial disease group was significantly higher than those without LEAD group(P

Seven compounds were isolated from fermentation extract of cave-derived Metarhizium anisopliae NHC-M3-2 by silica gel, semi-preparative HPLC and other chromatographic methods. Their structures were elucidated by UV, IR, MS and NMR methods as 2,3-dehydroindigotide G (1), (-)-regiolone (2), naphtho-γ-pyrone (3), indigotide G (4), indigotide B (5) destruxin A (6) and destruxin B (7). Compound 1 is a new glycoside naphthopyranone compound. The anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity of these compounds was evaluated. The EC₅₀ and CC₅₀ of compound 3 against HBV were 4.5 μmol·L^-1 and 92.3 μmol·L^-1, respectively. This is the first report of the antiviral activity of compound 3.

Objective To investigate the sexual behavior types, condom use and influencing factors of gonorrhea patients in Yunnan Province, and to provide evidence for the adjustment of sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention and control strategy. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate gonorrhea patients in 14 STD clinics in 7 more prevalent prefectures (cities) of Yunnan Province. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the socio-demographic and sexual characteristics of the patients in a one-to-one way. Multiple Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of sexual behavior. Results A total of 179 cases of gonorrhea were investigated. The average age was (29.01±8.93) years old. 95.53% (171/179) patients were 40 years old and 88.27% were male patients (158/179). Unmarried patients accounted for 55.31% (99/179). Service and self-employed patients accounted for 34.64% (62/179) and 23.46% (42/179) respectively. The rate of sexual intercourse with opposite sex was 98.32% (176/179), the rate of men who have sex with men was 1.68% (3/179) and the rate of having more than two sexual partners was 27.93% (50/179). The rate of sexual intercourse between temporary partners, spouses/fixed partners and commercial partners were 53.07% (95/179), 37.99% (68/179) and 8.94% (16/179) respectively. Recent sexual activity had lower condom use rate, 17.89% (17/95), 19.12% (13/68) and 18.75% (3/16) respectively. The main ways for gonorrhea patients to make temporary partners were friend introductions or gatherings, accounting for 66.32% (63/95). Condom use in male patients was worse than that in female patients (OR=0.234, 95% CI: 0.084-0.656, P=0.006). Conclusions The patients with gonorrhea were mainly unmarried young adults. The main risk behaviors were unprotected behaviors between heterosexual temporary and spouse/fixed sexual partners. The condom use consciousness was generally low. The promotion of safe sex education for young adults should be further strengthened, with special attention to the use of condoms for temporary sexual behavior and spouse/fixed sexual intercourse.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the risk factors of lung cancer in Tianjin and to provide evidence for further monitor there of.

METHODSA case-control study involving interviews with 193 new cases and 259 controls aged 30 - 76 years was carried out. Structured questionnaires were used to collect information on general condition, living environment, living style, disease and family history, etc. Logistic regression model univariate and multivariate analysis were used to pick out the significant lung cancer risk factors.

RESULTSBy monovariate analysis, risk factors such as smoking, passive smoking, drinking, history of malignancy in family and occupation were found. By multivariate analysis, smoking, passive smoking, higher body mass index (BMI) and average income and living space per capita ten years earlier were ascertained, their operations research (OR) values were 3.302, 1.193, 1.003, 1.067 and 0.913.

CONCLUSIONSmoking and passive smoking are independent risk factors of lung cancer. Monthly income per person and living space per person 10 years earlier are associated with elevated risk of lung cancer. Higher body mass index has protective effects on lung cancer risk.

Adult ; Aged ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Lung Neoplasms ; etiology ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Occupations ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects

Objective To discuss whether the separating block of sensory nerve with acupoint-injection and epidural analgesia by ropivacaine during labour.Methods Ninty full term primigravidae with ASAⅠ～Ⅱwere randomly divided into 3 groups:group E(n = 30),group C(n = 30)and group A(n = 30).When the external cervi- cal os was dilated to 3cm,group A:acupiont-injection to Ci Liao;group E:epidural analgesia with 0.075% ropiva- caine and fentanyel 2?g/ml;group C:combining group A and group E except fentanyel 2?g/ml.Level of pain(VAS scores),degree of sensory and motor block,the mode of delivery,the progress of labour and side effects were recorded and compared.Results The level of pain(VAS scores)in group A was higher than that of group C and group E,and there were no significant differences in group C and group E,Bur there were some side effects discovered in group E. There was no significant differences of the mode of delivery in the groups.Conclusion The method that acupoint- rejection combined with epidural analgesia by 0.075% ropivacaine is effective and has no side effects for labour.

China implemented the public hospital reform in 2012.This study utilized bootstrapping data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the technical efficiency (TE) and productivity of county public hospitals in Eastern,Central,and Western China after the 2012 public hospital reform.Data from 127 county public hospitals (39,45,and 43 in Eastern,Central,and Western China,respectively) were collected during 2012-2015.Changes of TE and productivity over time were estimated by bootstrapping DEA and bootstrapping Malmquist.The disparities in TE and productivity among public hospitals in the three regions of China were compared by Kruskal-Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney U test.The average bias-corrected TE values for the four-year period were 0.6442,0.5785,0.6099,and 0.6094 in Eastern,Central,and Western China,and the entire country respectively,with average non-technical efficiency,low pure technical efficiency (PTE),and high scale efficiency found.Productivity increased by 8.12％,0.25％,12.11％,and 11.58％ in China and its three regions during 2012-2015,and such increase in productivity resulted from progressive technological changes by 16.42％,6.32％,21.08％,and 21.42％,respectively.The TE and PTE of the county hospitals significantly differed among the three regions of China.Eastern and Western China showed significantly higher TE and PTE than Central China.More than 60％ of county public hospitals in China and its three areas operated at decreasing return scales.There was a considerable space for TE improvement in county hospitals in China and its three regions.During 2012-2015,the hospitals experienced progressive productivity;however,the PTE changed adversely.Moreover,Central China continuously achieved a significantly lower efficiency score than Eastern and Westem China.Decision makers and administrators in China should identify the causes of the observed inefficiencies and take appropriate measures to increase the efficiency of county public hospitals in the three areas of China,especially in Central China.

OBJECTIVETo study the histopathologic features, differential diagnosis and pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

METHODSThe clinicopathologic features of 40 autopsy cases of diabetes mellitus were studied. The hearts from another 40 cases of non-diabetic elderly deceased were used for comparison.

RESULTSIn the 40 cases of diabetes studied, 36 cases (90.0%) showed microscopic myocardial cell death. Focal interstitial fibrosis was observed in 37 cases (92.5%). On the other hand, similar myocardial cell death and patchy interstitial fibrosis was seen in 8 cases (20.0%) and 9 cases (22.5%) of non-diabetic hearts, respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The mural thickness of intramyocardial blood vessels was significantly increased in diabetic group (20.6 microm +/- 4.2 microm) than in non-diabetic group (7.2 microm +/- 5.2 microm), P < 0.01.The myocardial changes in diabetic group however were similar to those in non-diabetic group with systemic hypertension.

CONCLUSIONSPathologic diagnosis of diabetic cardiomyopathy relies on detailed histologic examination of heart tissue and clinical correlation of a long history of diabetes mellitus. Exclusion of other possible etiologies is also essential. The myocardial cell death observed may be due to the ischemic effect induced by diabetic microangiopathy in cardiac muscle.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Autopsy ; Cardiomyopathies ; complications ; diagnosis ; Cell Death ; Coronary Vessels ; cytology ; pathology ; Diabetes Complications ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Fibrosis ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardium ; cytology ; pathology

The effects of human insulin 70/30 and insulin lispro 75/25 were compared in improving postprandial blood glucose excursions in 106 patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes in a one-month,open-labelled,self- controlled trial .The results showed that treatment of diabetic patients with insulin lispro 75/25 significantly improved 2 h postprandial blood glucose excursion compared to pre-study with human insulin 70/30 (baseline) without any significant adverse events or sustained hypoglycemic episodes.These physiological benefits were associated with a patient preference for insulin lispro 75/25.

Ocean is a unique and excellent resource that provides a diverse array of intriguing natural products. Marine natural products have demonstrated significant and extremely potent biological activities and have captured the attention of natural products chemists in the past few decades. It is increasingly recognized that a wealth of fascinating natural products and novel chemical entities will play a dominant role in the discovery of useful leads for the development of pharmaceutical agents and provide useful probes to lead to breakthroughs in a variety of life-science fields. This article focused on the research progress of chemistry of marine natural products in recent five years.
Alkaloids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Aquatic Organisms ; chemistry ; Biological Products ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Macrolides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Marine Biology ; Marine Toxins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Molecular Structure ; Peptides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Steroids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Terpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology