Objective To summarize analysis in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with cerebral microvascular lesion with diabetes pill in combination with metformin on patients after treatment the blood viscosity, the effects of cognitive dysfunction.Methods Our hospital during the period of July 2014 to September 2016 received 100 cases of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with cerebral microvascular lesions, according to the random allocation method divided into observation group(50 cases) and control group(50 cases) and control group using metformin treatment, the observation group USES the diabetes pill metformin treatment, treatment effect of two groups of patients and related indicators for comparative analysis.Results After treatment the cognitive function score and blood viscosity related indicators, statistically significant differences between observation group and control group.Conclusion Elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with cerebral microvascular lesions in clinical application in diabetes, pill metformin, help to improve the patient's cognitive dysfunction, improve the patient's blood viscosity, promote the prognosis of patients, is worthy of popularization and application.

Organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP), a member of solute carrier (SLC) superfamily, is considered as an important transmembrane uptake transporters. OATP is involved in the transport of a variety of endo- and xenobiotics (bile acids, bilirubin, prostaglandin, thyroid hormones, steroid hormone conjugates), drugs and toxins in a Na+ and ATP independent manner. Multiple factors (eg. hormones, proinflammatory cytokines, drugs) can affect the distribution, expression and activity of OATPs, leading to an altered accumulation of OATP substrates and related food-drug and drug-drug interactions. Changes in the distribution and expression of OATPs in malignant tissues may be related to the pathological process of cancer, while the modulation epigenetic mechanism also contributes to its distribution patterns. This review describes the factors that can affect the expression or function of OATPs, which may provide a valuable reference for drug development and the clarification of pathogenesis.
Biological Transport ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; Organic Anion Transporters ; physiology ; Xenobiotics

Objective The generation of drug resistance often leads to the failure of the bladder cancer chemotherapy.P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an ATP-dependent drug efflux pump linked to development of multidrug resistance in cancer cells.The laboratory has successfully established adriamycin-resistant human bladder cancer cell line (pumc-91/ADM) from its parental cell line (pumc-91).According to the drug resistant spectrum analysis,pumc-91/ADM cell line exhibited the characteristics of multi-drug resistance.However,the expression of P-gp in two cell lines was still unknown.In this paper,there was a comparison between pumc-91/ADM and pumc-91 about the differential expression of P-gp.Methods To determine the expression and location of P-gp in pumc-91 and pumc-91/ADM,qRT-PCR,Western blot and immunocytochemistry were applied in the experiment.qRT-PCR was implemented to research the expression of P-gp mRNA in two cell lines (pumc-91/ADM and pumc-91).Western blot was adopted to investigate the expression of P-gp protein in pumc-91 and pumc-91/ADM cell lines.Immunocytochemistry technique was used to explore the cellular location of P-gp and affirm its expression in two cell lines visually.Student's t-test was employed for statistical analysis and P ＜ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of P-gp mRNA was upregulated in drug-resistant cell line pumc-91/ADM compared to parental cell line pumc-91.To normalize for differences in the amount of total RNA,GAPDH was selected as an endogenous RNA control.Compared with pumc-91,the expression of P-gp mRNA was upregulated 7.74 fold in pumc-91/ADM (t =11.97,P ＜ 0.05).Consistent with the qRT-PCR result,Western blot confirmed the protein of P-gp expressed differentially in two cell lines.The expression of P-gp protein was significantly increased in pumc-91/ADM compared to pumc-91.According to the results,the differences between pumc-91 and pumc-91/ADM had statistical significance (t =4.35,P＜0.05).Immunocytochemical analysis results demonstrated that P-gp was not only located in cell membrane but also in cytoplasm of the two cell lines.The expression of P-gp in pumc-91/ADM increased distinctly.The difference was statistically significant (t =11.41,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with pumc-91,the expression of P-gp in pumc-91/ADM was significantly upregulated.

Antitubercular Agents ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Fever ; etiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Pediatrics ; Tuberculosis ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; physiopathology ; X-Ray Film

Humans ; Lichen Planus, Oral ; psychology

Objective:To analyze the pulpal prognosis of replanted permanent teeth in children and to examine the associated factors .Methods:The samples consisted of 67 children with 81 avulsed perma-nent teeth treated in Peking University Hospital of Stomatology from 2000 to 2012 .Their clinical data of the replanted teeth were collected , and the follow-up period was no less than 12 months.The pulpal prognosis was classified as pulp necrosis and pulp non-necrosis .Results: The replantation within 30 minutes after avulsion led to the most significant increase in pulpal healing (P<0.05).The dental pulp of 80% ( 4/5 ) young permanent teeth replanted within 30 minutes remained vital , while all the teeth replanted after 30 minutes developed pulp necrosis within 60 days after replantation .Conclusion: The extra-alveolar period significantly affects the prognosis of pulp in immature permanent teeth after replanta-tion.When the extra-alveolar period is more than 30 minutes, the chance of pulp revascularization after replantation is very low , therefore pulp extirpation should be performed .

Objective To find a indicator in urine to assist diagnosis of cerebral infarction,we investigated the changes of urine ferritin in patients with cerebral infarction.Methods Collected serum from 30 healthy volunteers and 53 patients with cerebral infarction(CI),with ratio of males to females 19∶11 vs.30∶ 23,and average age was (56 ± 11) vs.(63 ± 11) respectively.Collected urine from 39 heathy volunteers and 33 patients with CI,with ratio of males to females 25∶14 vs.20∶ 13,and average age was (57 ± 10) vs.(64 ± 11) respectively.Ferritin concentration in all samples was detected with the chemical luminescence method,and the urine ferritin/urine cretinin (uFer/uCr) ratio was calculated.Differences of serum ferritin and uFer/uCr between healthy volunteers and CI patients were analyzed with the statistical software under Wilcoxon test.Urinary proteins were extracted with absolute ethanol.The extracted ferritin was displayed with Western blot for light chains and heavy chains to investigate the difference between healthy volunteers and CI patients.Results uFer/uCr was higher than that from healthy volunteers (U =292.00,P ＜0.05),and the median was (14.86 vs.6.22) μg/g.Moreover,after extraction of urinary proteins with alcohol,both light chains and heavy chains of ferritin in urine from CI patients were much more obvious than that from healthy volunteers.Conclusion The uFer/uCr ratio could provide a new proof to assist the diagnosis of cerebral infarction.

Objective To construct a prokaryotic expression system of human ferritin L which could be overexpressed in E.coli, and then prepare quality control materials of rFL and evaluate the homogeneity, stability, precision and application value of the rFL.Methods RT-PCR was used to clone ferritin L gene with total RNA from peripheral blood.Ferritin L gene was inserted into plasmid pGM-T to construct subclone plasmid pGM-T/ferritin L, which was identified by sequencing.The recombinant plasmid pET-30a/ferritin L was transformed into E.coli BL21 (DE3) and efficiently expressed under IPTG induction.rFL was identified by SDS-PAGE, and its antigenicity was examined by WB.The concentration of rFL was measured by ACCESS immunoassay system.Fifteen control samples were randomly selected using random number table.The homogeneity and stability of rFL were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a linear regression model, respectively.The uncertainties of homogeneity, stability and the precision were evaluated.Results A prokaryotic expression system of ferritin L was successfully constructed.Sequence analysis showed that the ferritin L gene inserted was identical with the one from GenBank(NM_000146.3).The PCR products were 527 bp long, in complete agreement with length of ferritin L gene.The molecular weight of rFL highly expressed in E.coli induced by IPTG was 19 000 Da.The WB analysis indicated that this rFL protein had good antigenicity.The concentration of rFL(1 000 times dilution) measured by ACCESS immunoassay system was (1115.84±38.38) ng/ml.Homogeneity evaluation of low-concentration QC sample and high-concentration QC sample of rFL showed that there were no statistical significances in the within-groups and between-groups (for high-concentration F=2.336, P>0.05 and for low-concentration F=0.730, P>0.05).A linear regression based on the stability test indicated that there was no statistically significant trend of instability in five and a half months (F=1.755, P>0.05). Precision analysis showed the within-run CV, the between-run CV, the between-day CV and the total CV of high-concentration QC sample were 2.06%, 2.12%, 0% and 2.96% respectively; the within-run CV, the between-run CV, the between-day CV and the total CV of low-concentration QC sample 2.03%, 2.08%, 0% and 2.90%, respectively.Conclusion This rFL for quality control materials with independent intellectual property rights could meet the clinical requirement of homogeneity, stability and precision, and could provide raw materials for preparation of mixed ferritin for quality control.

Objective:To analyze the prognosis about periodontal ligament healing of replanted perma-nent teeth in children and to examine the associated factors.Methods: The sample consisted of 49 children with 61 avulsed permanent teeth, whose injuries had been managed in the period from 2000 to 2012.The clinical data of replanted teeth were collected, and the follow-up period was no less than 12 months .The factors were analyzed in relation to postoperative outcomes, classified as functional periodon-tal healing ( FH ) , infection-related ( inflammatory ) resorption ( IRR ) and replacement resorption ( RR) .Results:The functional healing rate was 23.0%, while replacement resorption rate was 72.1%. The replacement resorption ( ankylosis ) was usually observed earlier by clinical examination than by radiographic examination.86.0% (40/47) resorptive processes were diagnosed within the first year. Physiological storages, such as milk, saline and saliva were significantly better to periodontal ligament healing than nonphysiological storages, such as tap water and sterilizing solutions ( chloramine and alco-hol) .Functional healing was found significantly more frequent in canines and premolars.Conclusion:The factor significantly affecting periodontal ligament healing is storage medium.Replacement resorption is the most common type of root resorption.The replacement resorption diagnosis must combine the radio-graphic examination with the clinical examination.It is better to follow up more than 1 year after tooth re-plantation.

AIM: To study the application of macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (pRNFL) measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the early diagnosis of glaucoma.METHODS: Case-control study.Eighty-six subjects, including 30 eyes in normal subjects, 27 eyes in suspected primary open angle glaucoma, 29 eyes in primary open angle glaucoma were enrolled in this study.The thickness of mGCC and pRNFL were measured by OCT.The area under the receiver operating characteristic(AROC) curve at fixed specificities were calculated for each parameter.RESULTS: There were significant differences in mean pRNFL thickness, superior pRNFL thickness and inferior pRNFL thickness between normal group, suspected glaucoma group and early glaucoma group (P=0.001, 0.004, 0.011).The mean mGCC thickness, the thickness of the top mGCC, the thickness of the lower mGCC were statistically significant (P=0.008, 0.002, 0.003);the difference of general loss of volume (GLV) and focal loss of volume (FLV) between the three groups was statistically significant (P=0.002).Compared with the normal group, all the pRNFL and the mGCC parameters were higher in the suspected glaucoma group, and the FLV had the highest AROC (0.801), all the remaining AROC was >0.700 except above Prnlf (0.688).Compared with the normal group and the early glaucoma group, all the pRNFL and the mGCC had higher AROC, average mGCC was hightest(0.804), all parameters AROC were >0.700 except mean pRNFL (0.683).In suspected glaucoma group, 58% patients had abnormal mGCC thickness and 23% had abnormal pRNFL thickness;in early glaucoma group, 98%patients had abnormal mGCC thickness and 90% had abnormal pRNFL thickness;in normal group, 93%patients had abnormal mGCC thickness and 93%had abnormal pRNFL thickness, the correlation between the three groups was statistically significant (x2=12.11, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: OCT measurement of mGCC thickness and pRNFL thickness in early glaucoma have good diagnostic ability;mGCC thickness measurement can be used as an effective method for early diagnosis of glaucoma.