Biological process is an important approach to treat the dye wastewater. The azo dyes decolouration by special azoreductase of different aerobic bacteria and fungi was summarized. Under anaerobic condition, reductive decolourization of azo dyes was carried in the presence of redox mediators which act as electron shuttle. It was also pointed out that azo dye reduction occurred mainly under anaerobic condition. Different electron donor resulted in different decolourization rate. Problems of current biotechnology were analyzed and corresponding measures were discussed.

OBJECTIVE To investigate flora distribution and drug resistance status of hospital acquired infection with Gramnegative bacilli in lower respiratory tract in intensive care unit(ICU) and to provide the scientific reference for diagnosis and reasonable use of antibiotics.METHODS Referring to National Rules of Procedures in Clinical Laboratory,the strains were isolated.The strains were identified by Identification System of Microscan auto-4. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by K-B method and the results were read according to CLSI 2007.RESULTS Among 319 strains of Gram-negative bacilli,the top 4 of isolated rate were Pseudomonas aeruginosa(23.5%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(17.5%),Acinetobacter baumannii(14.4%),and Escherichia coli(14.1%).Severe drug resistance was found in four kinds of important pathogens.Except for 100% susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae to carbopenems,the drug resistance rate to carbopenems in P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii reached 19.6%-22.7%.Pan-drug resistant strains were found in A.baumannii and P.aeruginosa strains.The detection rate of extensive-spectrum beta-lactamases(ESBLs)-producing K.pneumoniae and E.coli was 39.3% and 42.2%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS The Gram-negative bacilli isolated from lower respiratory tract in hospital acquired infection in ICU are mostly multi-resistant.We should strengthen monitoring and controlling of them.

Objective To study the clinical features of penetrating renal trauma. Methods From March 1996 to November 2002,28 patients (male,mean age 31) with penetrating renal trauma were treated,the clinical data of these were studied and reviewed. Results Nonoperative treatment was carried out in 6 patients of grade Ⅱ injuries were reconstructed and the other 2 patients were managed by embolization with an excellent renal salvage rate.In 12 patients with grade Ⅳ injuries,6 underwent embolization successfully,2 were successfully managed reconstruction,4 required nephrectomy.3 patients were of grade Ⅳ injuries,2 of whom underwent nephrectomy and 1 was died. Conclusions The condition of vascular injury should be considered in treatment of penetrating renal trauma.Emblization is a ideal treatment for the grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ penetrating renal trauma.

Objective To evaluate the urethra lengthening technique in the management of stricture of the external orifice and navicular fossa of urethra. Methods From June 1995 to April 1999,15 cases of severe stricture of the external orifice and navicular fossa of urethra were treated by the urethra lengthening technique and the therapeutic effect was evaluated. Results The patients have been followed up for 3～36 months with a mean of 21 months.Satisfactory results with normal voiding and good apearence of the penis have been observed in all but 2.Slight stricture of the external orifice has been noted in 2 patients and has been relieved after 3～6 times of urethral sounding. Conclusions Urethra lengthening technique yields a high success rate with consistant normal voiding and is compliant with the normal anatomy and physiology of the urethra.

Objective To study the histopathological features of injured urethra managed by urethral realignment or suprapublic cystotomy and to sum up the experience on its treatment. Methods Urethral realignment or suprapublic cystotomy were carried out for 20 dogs as the instant management;tissue specimens from the two groups were studied using hematoxylin and eosin stain,immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy and the result has been studied. Results Regeneration of urethra was demonstrated in the urethral realignment group at 8 weeks after urethral injured whereas regeneration has been in the suprapublic cystotomy group.The average length of urethral emphraxis was 3.8 cm in the suprapublic cystotomy group whereas that of urethral stricture only 2.5cm in the urethral realignment group at 32 week. Conclusions Urethral realignment might be the treatment of choice for the instant managerment of urethral disruption as compared with suprapublic cystotomy.

Objective To evaluate the application of urine diversion in prostatectomy for hemostasis. Methods In 86 cases underwent suprapubic prostatectomy urine diversion was carried out.The prostatic bed was compressed by the inflated baloon of the urethral catheter.The operation time was recorded and the amount of blood loss both during and after the operation were measured.Postoperative blood hemoglobin and urodynamic parameters were compared with those before operation. Results The average operation time for the 86 patients was 45 min.The average blood loss during the operation was 140 ml and the average postoperative drainage 190 ml.Blood transfusion is not needed in all.The ureteral catheters for urine diversion were maintained for an average of 7.2 days and the urethral catheter for 8.6 days.Normal micturation was noted right after the removal of urethral catheter in all the 86 patients.Postoperative blood routine and biochemical assays were not significantly different from those before operation.The average maximum urine flow rate was 21.5ml/s.2 of the patients have experienced difficulty in micturation.Normal micturation was resumed on endoscopic urethrotostomy.No secondary bleeding or upper urinary tract infection has been noted. Conclusions The application of urine diversion is an effective means of hemostasis in prostatectomy.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the expression of heat shock genes and acute phase genes and to examine the hepatic ultrastracture under the stress of intermittent Pringle manoeuvre. MethodsRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of HSP70A, HSC70, TNF-? and IL-6,and electronic microscopy examination was taken to document the ultrastructural change in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, with or without, Pringle manoeuvre, during the operations. ResultsHeat shock gene family-HSP70A and HSC70, which is related to intracellular repair and cell protection, was on higer expression after liver transection in Pringle manoenvre group than that of control group. Normal ultrastructure were also found in liver parenchymal cells and nonparenchymal cells in Pringle manoeuvre group after liver resection. ConclusionIntermittent Pringle manoeuvre induced relatively higher expression of heat shock genes, which are related to intracellular homestasis, and was consistent with the well maintenance of liver ultrastructure.

In order to investigate the effects of aconitine on [Ca2+] oscillation patterns in cultured myocytes of neonatal rats, fluorescent Ca2+ indicator Fluo-4 NW and laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) were used to detect the real-time changes of [Ca2+] oscillation patterns in the cultured myocytes before and after aconitine (1.0 micromol/L) incubation or antiarrhythmic peptide (AAP) and aconitine co-incubation. The results showed under control conditions, [Ca2+] oscillations were irregular but relatively stable, occasionally accompanied by small calcium sparks. After incubation of the cultures with aconitine, high frequency [Ca2+] oscillations emerged in both nuclear and cytoplasmic regions, whereas typical calcium sparks disappeared and the average [Ca2+] in the cytoplasm of the cardiomyocyte did not change significantly. In AAP-treated cultures, intracellular [Ca2+] oscillation also changed, with periodic frequency, increased amplitudes and prolonged duration of calcium sparks. These patterns were not altered significantly by subsequent aconitine incubation. The basal value of [Ca2+] in nuclear region was higher than that in the cytoplasmic region. In the presence or absence of drugs, the [Ca2+] oscillated synchronously in both the nuclear and cytoplasmic regions of the same cardiomyocyte. It was concluded that although oscillating strenuously at high frequency, the average [Ca2+] in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocyte did not change significantly after aconitine incubation, compared to the controls. The observations indicate that aconitine induces the changes in [Ca2+] oscillation frequency other than the Ca2+ overload.
Aconitine/*pharmacology ; Animals, Newborn ; Calcium Signaling/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*metabolism ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Corneal opacity is one of the most commonly used parameters for estimating postmortem interval (PMI). This paper proposes a new method to study the relationship between changes of corneal opacity and PMI by processing and analyzing cornea images. Corneal regions were extracted from images of rabbits' eyes and described by color-based and texture-based features, which could represent the changes of cornea at different PMI. A KNN classifier was used to reveal the association of image features and PMI. The result of the classification showed that the new method was reliable and effective.

Objective To detect the levels of plasma gelsolin(GSN),vitamin D binding protein(VDBP)and coagulation?related parameters in peripheral blood between pre?eclampsia,then analyze their relationships with the onset or development of pre?eclampsia. Methods A total of 30 women with severe pre?eclampsia(SPE)and 30 women with mild pre?eclampsia(MPE)were enrolled for the study and randomly chosen as trial group. 30 normal pregnancies with matching gestational ages were selected as control group?1 and 30 normal full?term pregnancies were randomly chosen as control group?2. The levels of GSN,VDBP,platelet(PLT),prothrombin time(PT),thrombin time(TT),activated partial thromboplas?tin time(APTT),fibrinogen(FIB),and D?dimer were compared between those groups. Results The levels of GSN,VDBP and PLT,PT,APTT, FIB in SPE group were significantly lower than that of MPE group(P<0.05),and the level of D?dimer was significantly higher(P<0.05). In healthy pregnant women between control group?1 and control group?2,GSN fell during gestational weeks,with a concomitant rise in VDBP with no significance(P>0.05). There were no statistical difference among all the levels of coagulation?related parameters in healthy pregnant women(P>0.05). Conclusion GSN and VDBP levels in pre?eclampsia are significantly lower than that of normal pregnant women,along with pathological hy?percoagulative state,and which are related to severity of disease.