No abstract available.
Malnutrition*

BACKGROUND: Solving a multi-faceted problem like malnutrition, with causes cutting across a number of sectors, requires a combination of efforts and programs. Many corporations have embarked on programs that can contribute to the reduction of malnutrition.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe and analyze the nutrition-related Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Programs of six corporations and their contribution to reducing malnutrition.

METHODS: This study gathered data using a self-administered, pretested questionnaire and interviews with representatives from six corporations. Data were analyzed by profiling and characterizing the CSR programs according to five parameters and the programs' overall contribution to nutrition improvement.

RESULTS: Corporations in the food and beverage industry implements the most number of nutrition-related CSR programs and are mostly focused on nutrition-specific interventions. The corporations were found to implement programs that are appropriate and effective.

CONCLUSION: The CSR programs have the capacity to contribute to nutrition improvement by being able to address some of the immediate, underlying, and basic causes of malnutrition.

Introduction: Zinc deficiency is of high magnitude in developing countries such as the Philippines. Zinc deficiency dermatitis is recognized through characteristic cutaneous presentation supported by diagnostic workups which may not be feasible or practical in low-resource settings. Case report: A three-month-old Filipino male was brought in for erosions of three (3) weeks duration that were unrespon- sive to topical and systemic antimicrobial treatment. On examination, he had multiple erythematous erosions with yellowish to brownish, crusted borders with predilection on the face, inguinal and gluteal areas, flexures of the extremities, and digits. Workup revealed normal zinc levels, decreased alkaline phosphatase, and bacterial growth in cultures. Histopathology revealed intraepidermal vesiculobullous dermatitis. Given the clinicopathologic presentation, a diagnosis of zinc deficiency-associated dermatitis was made. Along with antimicrobials and topical care, oral zinc sulfate with elemental zinc at 3 mg/kg/day was started, with remarkable improvement within three (3) days and near-resolution after eight (8) days of zinc therapy. Zinc supplementation was administered for three (3) months with gradual tapering. The skin remained clear despite the withdrawal of zinc supplemen- tation. Response to treatment supported the impression of zinc deficiency, while sustained skin clearance upon withdrawal verified an acquired etiology. Conclusion Zinc deficiency-associated dermatitis is more common in areas where costly diagnostic modalities are not readily available. In clinically suspected zinc deficiency, response to treatment can serve as a retrospective diagnostic feature, and sus- tained clearance upon withdrawal may aid in identifying etiology. Trial of therapy may then be considered in optimizing the cost-ef- fective management of zinc deficiency-associated dermatitis.
Malnutrition

The progress of stunting reduction was examined through national surveys on malnutrition in children under 5 years old from 1990 to 2004. The prevalence of stunting in Vietnam has been experienced a rapid rate of progress. The prevalence of stunting in children was 53.4% in 1990. By 2004 it had dropped to 30.7%. rate of progress in reducing stunting was -1.5 percentage points per year in the period of time from 1990 to 2004. There was a change in stunting pattern. The results of surveys done before 2000 showed that the prevalence of stunting continued to increase in children above two years old. The results in a recent surveys showed that the prevalence of stunting increased rapidly in the first two years of life, and still remained the same or even did not increase any more after the first two years of life. This implies that the strategy of health and nutrition care for pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers and children under two years old should be given a priority.
Malnutrition ; Child

BACKGROUND

Malnutrition is a component of frailty syndrome characterized by weakness, poor nutritional status, and reduced cognitive function. Frailty has been recognized to adversely affect post-cardiovascular surgery outcomes, with studies primarily in the elderly. To date, there are no published Philippine data on malnutrition and frailty in cardiac surgery patients.

Malnutrition and frailty were assessed preoperatively in 111 adult patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery from October 2020 to February 2021. Nutrition Risk Screening (NRS) tool and Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) were used for assessment, respectively. Their in-hospital postoperative outcomes were then observed.

There were 57 patients (51%) diagnosed with malnutrition, 26 (23%) of whom were also frail. Advanced age, rheumatic heart disease, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease were significantly higher in the malnutrition and frail group. After multivariate analysis, mortality rate (odds ratio [OR], 7.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.45-41.91; P = 0.017), prolonged hospitalization (OR, 5.96; 95% CI, 2.14-16.53; P = 0.001), mechanical ventilation (OR, 7.56; 95% CI, 1.81-31.62; P = 0.006), and nosocomial infections (OR, 13.57; 95% CI, 4.41-41.76; P < 0.001) were found higher in patients with malnutrition and frailty.

Evaluation of nutrition and frailty status using NRS and CFS was helpful in predicting postoperative outcomes. With a significant number of this population having malnutrition and frailty, there is a need to strengthen clinical pathways on perioperative nutrition and rehabilitation with the possibility of improving cardiovascular surgery outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the reliability and validity of the modified pediatric nutrition screening tool in identifying malnutrition and risk of malnutrition among admitted pediatric patients aged 6 to 18 years old. METHOD: The Modified Pediatric Nutritional Screening Tool (PNST) was used to assess 130 admitted patients aged 6 to 18 years old. Evaluation of anthropometric measurements, body weight changes, clinical conditions and dietary intake were done within 48 hours of admission. Intraclass correlation coefficient was used to determine reliability of the tool among different raters while chi square test was used to determine correlation of the tool with the Screening Tool for the Assessment for Malnutrition in Pediatrics (STAMP). RESULT: The comparison of the modified PNST measurements by two observers showed no significant difference with p value of 0.078. All PNST criteria except clinical condition were associated with risk of malnutrition based on STAMP. The overall modified PNST criteria is significantly associated with risk of malnutrition based on STAMP. CONCLUSION The modified PNST accurately identifies malnutrition and risk of malnutrition among admitted patients aged 6-18 years old. The criteria used in the modified PNST were strongly associated with risk for malnutrition measured using previously validated tools and demonstrates a good interobserver reliability. It is recommended to be used as routine screening in the hospital set- ting for early identification of malnutrition and risk for malnutrition.
Malnutrition ; Pediatrics

625 under 5 years old children and their mother or nursing persons in 4 communes of Dan Phuong and Chuong My districts, Ha Tay province were subjected to study. The incidence of underweight form of malnutrition accounted for 30.3%, mainly for mild and moderate level, the severe and very severe level decreased obviously. 27% of malnutrition cases were in underheight stunting form and 10.4 in thin and weak stunting form. The incidence of malnutrition increased with the age. There was no considerable difference in two districts. The factors influencing on the malnutrition status were education level of the parents, the job and the nutrition of mother, family economy, the nursing status, the proper beginning of use of supplementary food.
Malnutrition ; Child ; Epidemiology

In order to evaluate the resistant capacity of humoral immunity of severe protein calorie mainourished children, the author studied: Levels of IgG, IgA, IgM in serum of 111 severe protein calorie malnourished patients. The IgG, IgA levels of protein calorie malnourished patients are higher than that of the control group, but the IgG level is lower than that of the control group at the same age with p<0.01. Before and after vaccination, the antibody titre of the protein calorie malnourished patients is lower than the control group. After vaccination, antibody titre against cholera antigen and typhoid antigen of the protein calorie malnourished children increases that proves the responding capacity to create antibody against these antigens is still good
Antibody Formation ; Child ; Malnutrition

73 malnutritive children and 146 under 5 year old children with well nutritional status in Tan Lap commune, Dan Phuong district, Ha Tay province were studied. The children in the 2 months food - deficit per year household got 3 fold higher risk of malnutrition in comparing with children of good nutrition. Lack of communication media, televisionset and household with more than 2 children were indirect risks influencing on the nutrition and the care (with OR>3). Children born with low body weight had 8.8 fold higher risk of malnutrition than normally born children (OR = 6,8). Lack or late breasfeeding was a high risk of malnutrition.
child ; Malnutrition ; Risk Factors

Two groups of children aged 5 to 8 months having the same socioeconomic condition, their mothers have been attended in the courses of nutrition communication and education, one group (control group) was fed with home-made powder, the other group (intervention group) was fed with a meal of high micronutrient and energy dense powder per day, for 6 months. The results showed that after intervention, concentration of Hb, ferritin, serum zinc and retinol of intervention children were significantly higher than those of the control group. Prevalence of anemia, exhausted iron storage, zinc and vitamin A deficiencies of intervention group significantly lower those of control group. Body length and height for age z-score (HAZ) of the intervention group were significantly higher than length and HAZ of the control group. 6 months follow-up after intervention cessation revealed that the HAZ and Hb of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group, respectively. High micronutrient and energy dense powder may improve micronutrient deficiency and nutritional status of intervention children
malnutrition ; child ; Micronutrients ; deficiency