The results obtained from epidemiological studies of hepatitis B antigen-antibody system in a rural village were reported. The studies were carried for 5 years on 2719 persons. Among them 1.1% were chronic surface antigen carriers, 0.2% were transiently antigen-positive in turn and 20.0% were antibody-positive.
Some of the antigen carriers showed familial clustering. All surface antigen carriers with e-antibody, however, did not show familial clustering except one case. Subtype of adr is prevalent in this area. 13of15persons whose subtypes were identified, showed adr subtype. The remaining2were adw, and they were sporadic cases with no familial clustering. In a community a large family pedigree of carriers was discovered. Both antigen and antibody were prevalent among persons living in the community.
Among pick-upped 144 persons who showed abnormal liver functions, 12 (8.3%) were found to be surface antigenpositive

Chronic pain and itch are a pathological operation of the somatosensory system at the levels of primary sensory neurons, spinal cord and brain. Pain and itch are clearly distinct sensations, and recent studies have revealed the separate neuronal pathways that are involved in each sensation. However, the mechanisms by which these sensations turn into a pathological chronic state are poorly understood. A proposed mechanism underlying chronic pain and itch involves abnormal excitability in dorsal horn neurons in the spinal cord. Furthermore, an increasing body of evidence from models of chronic pain and itch has indicated that synaptic hyperexcitability in the spinal dorsal horn might not be a consequence simply of changes in neurons, but rather of multiple alterations in glial cells. Thus, understanding the key roles of glial cells may provide us with exciting insights into the mechanisms of chronicity of pain and itch, and lead to new targets for treating chronic pain and itch.
Animals ; Chronic Pain ; pathology ; Humans ; Neuralgia ; metabolism ; Pruritus ; pathology ; Sensory Receptor Cells ; physiology ; Spinal Cord ; pathology

Background: The need for palliative care is increasing, and psychological care for cancer patients has been recognized to have an important role in palliative care. Purpose: To determine the medical knowledge and skills (especially in psychiatry) required in palliative care and to propose psychiatric training for palliative care education. Subjects/Methods: Using a questionnaire, palliative care doctors (working less than 3years) and nurses were asked their opinions on the necessity of palliative care and requested to self-evaluate their knowledge and skills in palliative care. Results: The survey revealed that many doctors and nurses felt the need for an "Interdisciplinary team approach" "Good communication with patient and family", an "Understanding of total pain" and "Listening". Palliative care doctors had low self-evaluations of their psychiatric knowledge and skills with regard to palliative care, but they recognized the necessity for greater knowledge and skills in this area. Conclusions: In a palliative care setting, it is important to establish training programs for consultation-liaison psychiatry that provide opportunities for learning about psychiatric practices, including diagnostic evaluation, psychotherapeutic and pharmacologic treatment, as well as skills for communicating with cancer patients, families and staff. Palliat Care Res 2009: 4(1): 101-111

Recently, the number of athletes who receive acupuncture therapy is increasing. However, most of these athletes receive acupuncture therapy with single-acupuncture and/or electro-acupuncture to a local point, or a trigger point. We experienced two water polo athletes who were improved using acupuncture and moxibustion therapy with “zuisho” therapy. Case 1 was 16 year old man. He became aware of pain in his right thumb after training, which continued with extended training time, a numbness in his left hand appeared more, and he received acupuncture and moxibustion therapy. These symptoms disappeared immediately with acupuncture and moxibustion therapy using the standard traditional methods, such as contact needling to a yuan point, and in situ acupuncture to a back shu point, etc. Case 2 was 17 year old man. He received acupuncture and moxibustion therapy for lumbago and stiffness of the neck. These symptoms disappeared immediately after acupuncture and moxibustion therapy using the standard traditional methods such as contact needling to a yuan point, and inserting needles into a back shu point, an extra meridian, etc. In these two cases, symptoms were improved with “zuisho” therapy, and both could continue with longer and more strenuous training. This suggests that acupuncture and moxibustion therapy using the standard traditional methods are useful for athletes.
Acupuncture ; Therapeutic procedure ; symptoms <1> ; Training ; Water