We recently experienced a case of Y graft replacement for recurrent blue toe syndrome (BTS) following cardiac catheterization. A 64-year-old male, who had undergone cardiac catheterization, complained of bilateral multiple toe cyanosis and pain. Angiograms revealed that infrarenal aortic stenosis was the recurrent embolic source. He refused surgical treatment because he thought the BTS was an iatrogenic complication. No conservative therapy was effective. He finally suffered from right foot and all left toe necrosis after nine months. Then he recieved Y graft replacement. Thereafter no embolic episode was seen. Cardiac catheterization recently has become a routine examination. However, informed consent is very important because it is difficult to anticipate BTS following the examination. Surgical treatment is recommended for recurrent BTS because conservative therapy fails in most cases.

In grip strength a subject being ordered to show one-third, one-second and twothird of his own maximum value after checking his maximum, the value he shows is not always the same as the ordered value. The Discrepancy Index was determined by the grade of the difference between the ordered value mentioned above and the value showed actually.
For 2117 subjects composed of both sexes our experiment was performed.
1) The possibility of training effect for one-third and two-third of their own maximum value existed but little for one-second.
2) Up to 16 years of age the training effect increased with their physical development, but after 17 years remarkable change of their grading ability was not found.
3) There existed no relation between the experimental results of one-third value and two-third, between the left hands and the right, and between the Discrepancy Index of pre-training and post-training.
4) The larger maximum value of grip strength became, the smaller the Discrepancy Index was. Sometimes in the individuals who have larger maximum value, the more training effect was recognized.
5) The champions of weight-lifting, Kendo and volleyball showed better results than those of the control groups.

Transluminal angioplasty during vascular reconstructive procedures was performed to 18 lesions in 13 patients. Ages ranged from 57 to 81 years with a mean of 72.7 years, and all patients were men. Transluminal angioplasty during the thromboendarterectomy or bypass grafting was performed to 3 patients for inflow dilatation, 3 patients for outflow dilatation and 1 patient for renal artery dilatation. Transluminal angioplasty with thrombectomy for the anastomotic stenoses of EPTFE grafts was performed 11 times for 7 patients. The results of this method for arteriosclerotic lesions were as follows; patency was 100% at 1 year and 80% at 3 year. Four patients died during the follow-up periods and the dilated lesions were all patent at the time of death. The results of this method for anastomotic stenoses were as follows; patency was 34.6% at 6 month and 0% at 10 months. Graft infection occurred in 1 of 4 patients to whom transluminal angioplasty was performed 2 times. The patency of transluminal angioplasty during vascular reconstructive procedures for arteriosclerotic lesions was good. Transluminal angioplasty for anastomotic stenoses was noninvasive and easily performed with the thrombectomy, but the patency was not so good and there was the risk of graft infection by repeated operations.