Metastasis is the chief cause of mortality in cancer patients. Recently, chemokines and chemokine receptors were shown to play an important role in the metastasis of various cancers. We examined the role of chemokine receptor-mediated signaling in the invasion potential of human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines that were derived from 5 primary tumors and 6 cervical lymph node metastases. Comprehensive analysis of the mRNAs for human chemokine receptors showed that the OSCC cell lines had uniform expression patterns of chemokine receptors. Overall, there were no consistent differences in the expression of chemokine receptors between primary site- and lymph node metastasis-derived cell lines. However, a highly invasive OSCC cell line (SAS-H1) expressed up-regulation of CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CXCR1, CXCR6 and CX3CR1 compared to a poorly invasive OSCC cell line (SAS-L1). Then we examined whether factors in the tumor microenvironment regulated chemokine receptor expression in SAS-H1 cells. Specifically, transforming growth factor (TGF) -β1 enhanced the expression of CCR5, CCR6, CCR7 and CX3CR1. Pretreatment of SAS-H1 cells with transforming growth factor (TGF) -β1 increased the expression of CCR7 and CX3CR1, and then enhanced CCL21- and CX3CL1-induced directional migration (1.5-fold enhancement as compared with untreated control). In addition, CX3CL1 increased the adhesion of SAS-H1 cells on uncoated tissue culture plates. Neither chemokine stimulated cell proliferation. Treatment of SAS-H1 cells with CX3CL1 activated the phosphotidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and MEK signal transduction pathways. Our results suggest that chemokine receptor-mediated signaling is involved in the local invasion and metastasis of human OSCC.

Purpose: We conducted a group seminar for lung cancer patients. The purpose of the group seminar was to eliminate the negative notions about opioids and to impart the right knowledge about these drugs. Further, we investigated the notions about opioids and the effectiveness of the group seminar. Methods: A pharmacist conducted a group seminar on opioids for lung cancer inpatients who agreed to participate in the group seminar. Moreover, we performed a questionnaire survey before and after the delivery of the group seminar. Results: Sixty patients answered the questionnaire. After completion of the group seminar, the understanding and knowledge about opioids increased, as indicated by the responses of the patients to all of the questions. Conclusion: Complete elimination of the negative notion about opioids could not be achieved through the group seminar. However, the group seminar was thought to be one of the useful methods of educating patients. If a patient resists treatment with opioids, control of pain may be delayed. This in turn would hamper improvement of the quality of life. Therefore, we consider that it is necessary that a patient has the right knowledge about opioids beforehand. Palliat Care Res 2011; 6(1):109-118

A 83-year-old woman suffered pulseless-electrical-activity (PEA) because of cardiac tamponade after acute myocardial infarction with blow-out type cardiac rupture. Immediately median sternotomy was performed and active bleeding from the postero-lateral wall was found. It was impossible to stop bleeding only by putting pressure on the aperture of the myocardium with a piece of TachoComb coated with gelatin-resorcinol-formaldehyde (GRF) glue, however, the chemical action of GRF glue made the delicate myocardium after acute infarction stronger and we managed to stop that bleeding with mattress sutures that had initially seemed to be impossible. She was discharged on POD 103 uneventfully. We think this is a useful and safe operation procedure for blow-out type cardiac rupture.

A 76-year-old woman presented because of bilateral lower-extremity edema and dyspnea. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a mobile mass in the right atrium. A right atrial mass associated with heart failure was diagnosed. Surgery was performed. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography showed that the mass was contiguous with the inferior vena cava. However, the primary lesion was unclear. Therefore, only the intracardiac mass was resected. The margins of the residual tumor were marked with clips. Computed tomography performed immediately after surgery revealed a clip in structures contiguous with the region from a uterine myoma to the inferior vena cava. Intravenous leiomyomatosis was diagnosed on histopathological examination of the resected specimens. Computed tomography 6 months after surgery showed that the clip had moved from the inferior vena cava to a vein contiguous with the uterus. The tumor regressed slightly. Close follow-up is required.

A 27-year-old woman was given a diagnosis of infectious endocarditis with severe tricuspid regurgitation. Despite adequate antibiotics therapy, her general condition did not improve, and moreover multiple pulmonary abscesses were detected by computed tomography. Therefore surgery was indicated. Surgery consisted of removal of vegetation and tricuspid valve plasty with autologous pericardial patch augmentation of the anterior leaflet. Tricuspid valve plasty was carried out without prosthetic materials. Her postoperative course was uneventful with only mild tricuspid regurgitation. One year after surgery, neither recurrence of infection nor worsening of tricuspid regurgitation was noted. This method could be a useful technique for young patients with severe infection.

We described a patient with free wall rupture followed by papillary muscle rupture due to acute myocardial infarction. A 69-year-old man was transferred complaining of transient unconsciousness. His clinical history, electrocardiogram, and chest CT showed myocardial infarction with free wall rupture indicated that several days had passed since the onset. Coronary angiography showed occlusion of the right coronary artery and severe stenosis of the left anterior descending artery. Since cardiac rupture was at inferior wall and hemorrhage wasn't active, repair of the rupture using fibrin glue and fibrin sheet and coronary artery bypass grafting to the left anterior descending artery was performed without cardiopulmonary bypass. On the 10th postoperative day, his arterial oxygen saturation suddenly deteriorated. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed papillary muscle rupture and severe mitral regurgitation. Emergency mitral valve replacement was performed. After two emergency operations, he gradually recovered and were discharged to home. In three months after discharge, he was admitted again due to congestive heart failure with left ventricular aneurysm at inferior wall and recovered in response of conservative treatment. Surgical experience of double rupture is rare. Based on this case, it may be necessary to perform reperfusion therapy toward even this case of recent myocardial infarction, to prevent papillary muscle rupture. It also may be better to use a patch on free wall rupture to prevent cardiac aneurysm.

　　The aim of this study was to examine topophilia in the elderly living in mountainous areas. Topophilia, which is the geographical concept invented by Yi-Fu Tuan in 1999, is defined as the affective bond between people and place or environmental setting. A total of 120 elderly subjects living in a mountainous area responded to a standardized, validated 9-item Life Satisfaction Index K (subjective well-being) developed by Wataru Koyano and a new structured 6-item questionnaire on topophilia. Factor analyses revealed two domains of topophilia (public emotion and private emotion toward the living place). Public emotion was the emotion of being hard to leave the living place. Private emotion was the emotion of not loving the living place. There were areas where the elderly had a lesser degree of attachment toward the present state of the elderly could hardly have a sense of well-being and attachments to the current domicile. It is considered that not only physical but also mental approach is necessary to support the daily life of the elderly living in the mountainous area. Also, we examined the influences of aging and the living place on a subjective well-being and topophilia. There was no significant correlation between age and subjective well-being, but there was significant positive correlation between age and the degree of topophilia (r＝0.234, p‹0.01). On the other hand, the degree of subjective well-being by the place of residence was significantly different (p‹0.001; ANOVA), and the degree of topophilia by the place of residence was not significantly different. These findings suggest that subjective well-being is not influenced by age but influenced by the place of residence, and topophillia is not influenced by the place of residence but influenced by age.

A 60-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus and severe obesity (height 170 cm, weight 160 kg, BMI 55) was admitted to our hospital because of acute inferior wall myocardial infarction due to acute thromboembolism of the right coronary artery (RCA). Because of three-vessel coronary diseases, we planned coronary artery bypass grafting after the medical therapy. The patient was intubated, then suffered congestive heart failure and pneumonia, and had a tracheotomy because of obesity hypoventilation syndrome. When his general condition improved after 14 months of medical therapy, we performed the operation. At that time, his weight had decreased to 107.5 kg, and BMI decreased to 37.2. We decided that tracheotomy was necessary to avoid respiratory complications. We chose a thoracoabdominal spiral incision for 2 reasons. Firstly we needed to avoid wound contamination by the tracheotomy stoma. Secondly we decided that the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) and the right gastroepiploic artery (RGEA) were sufficient for bypass grafts to the left anterior descending artery (LAD), the diagonal branches (D1), the posterolateral artery (PL) and the posterior descending artery (PD). Before the operation, epidural anesthesia was performed for postoperative analgesia to prevent respiratory dysfunction. In the right semi-lateral position at 30°, a 4th intercostal space thoracotomy was performed, and the LITA was harvested. The skin incision was extended to the midline of the abdomen and the RGEA was harvested. The end of the LITA was anastomosed with the free RGEA as I composite and the composite was anastomosed to the LAD, the D1, the 14 PL and the 4 PL without cardiopulmonary bypass. Without any perioperative blood transfusion, the patient was discharged with no perioperative complication, including mediastinitis. With this incision, we achieved secure prevention of wound contamination by the tracheotomy stoma, harvesting of a sufficient length of the LITA and RGEA and good visualization of the anastomotic sites with less cardiac displacement than median sternotomy.

A 61-year-old man was referred to our hospital due to a 3-month history of fever of unknown origin, and with right knee and ankle joint pains. At another hospital, extensive investigations had produced negative results, including multiple sterile cultures of blood and joint fluids, and negative autoantibodies. His serum uric acid level was not elevated. However, after admission to our hospital, we performed right knee arthrocentesis, which revealed uric acid crystals. These findings, combined with the results of imaging tests, which showed joint degeneration, led to a diagnosis of advanced erosive gout. After receiving a therapeutic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a maintenance dose of colchicine for prophylaxis against recurrence, the patient's symptoms subsided and did not return. Advanced erosive gout should be considered a possible cause of fever of unknown origin and diagnostic arthrocentesis should be performed in patients with unexplained arthritis.
Ankle Joint ; Arthritis ; Autoantibodies ; Colchicine ; Diagnosis ; Fever of Unknown Origin* ; Gout* ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Uric Acid